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Ale Ebrahim et al.pdf (application/pdf Object)
Saturday, 26 March 2011
SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review
Ale Ebrahim et al.pdf (application/pdf Object)
SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review
Review |
Nader Ale Ebrahim*, Shamsuddin Ahmed and Zahari Taha Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. *Corresponding author. E-mail: nader.ale.um@gmail.com. Accepted 10 June, 2010. |
Abstract |
 Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Their continued growth is a major subject for the economy and employment of any country. Towards that end, virtual research and development (R&D) could be a viable option to sustain and ease the operations of SMEs. However, literature shows there has not been a great deal of research into the diverse characteristic of virtual R&D teams in SMEs. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R&D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the literature review is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the rationale and relevance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R&D team for SMEs and new product development (NPD) has been examined. It concludes with identifying the gaps and feebleness in the existing literatures and calls for future research in this area. It is argued to form of virtual R&D team deserves consideration at top level management for venturing into the new product development within SMEs. Key words: Virtual teams, small and medium enterprises, new product development, R&D. |
Ale Ebrahim et al. SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 2010
Papers in Small and Medium-scale Enterprises
5- SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review
International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(7), pp. 916–930, July 2010
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Their continued growth is... moreAcademia.edu | Papers in Small and Medium-scale Enterprises
SMEs; Virtual Research and Development (R&D) Teams and New Product Development: A Literature Review
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
International Journal of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 916-930, July 2010
Abstract:
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Their continued growth is a major subject for the economy and employment of any country. Towards that end, virtual research and development (R&D) could be a viable option to sustain and ease the operations of SMEs. However, literature shows there has not been a great deal of research into the diverse characteristic of virtual R&D teams in SMEs. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R&D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the literature review is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the rationale and relevance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R&D team for SMEs and new product development (NPD) has been examined. It concludes with identifying the gaps and feebleness in the existing literatures and calls for future research in this area. It is argued to form of virtual R&D team deserves consideration at top level management for venturing into the new product development within SMEs.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 15
Keywords: Virtual teams, small and medium enterprises, new product development, R&D
JEL Classifications: Q32, L32, M54, P23, P42, L39, P13
Accepted Paper SeriesSSRN-SMEs; Virtual Research and Development (R&D) Teams and New Product Development: A Literature Review by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha
Tuesday, 15 March 2011
Author Page for Nader Ale Ebrahim (Nader Ale Ebrahim's Scholarly Papers)
Saturday, 12 March 2011
The biggest experience to reduce environmental pollutants by substitute fuel CNG in the Middle East & the Middle Asia
Abstract
Automobile industry is an exhaustive industry bringing development for any country. The industrial capabilities needed for development rest in this branch of industry. The Iranian automobile making companies move in line with this aim. But in recent decades, in addition to development of automobile industry, the pollution too has occupied the minds of the authorities of these companies. Some measures, investments, researches, and exhaustive studies related to the pollution problem have been made to produce an automobile of higher technology and lower pollution.
Suggested Citation
Momeni A., Rostamnezhad M., Ale Ebrahim N. (2004) The biggest experience to reduce environmental pollutants by substitute fuel CNG in the Middle East & the Middle Asia, 9th International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles (IANGV) Conference, NGV 2004, Buenos Aires, Argentina. pp. 1-25."The biggest experience to reduce environmental pollutants by substitute fuel CNG in the Middle East & the Middle Asia" by Ali Momeni, et al.
Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges for R&D Management and the Role of the R&D Society for its Improvement – A Case Study in Iran
Abstract
Research and Development (R&D) management in Iran is faced to many barriers and obstacles, in which R&D units are considered as the basic core of the product development and innovation. Due to structural shortcomings, a great number of organizations and industries have not been able to find their actual status. There are about different 1141 R&D units with a dispersion pattern in Iran. This paper considers and analyzes the R&D case study in one of the provinces located in the north part of Iran in order to enhance the potential R&D activities in respect with the industrialized areas and zones. In this province, there are about 2504 industrial units of which there are only 44 R&D units certified by the state government. However, there are limit numbers of these R&D units that are extensively active. This paper also addresses the current status in respect with the R&D activities to find out why there is a lack and depression of these activities in the industrial units. By considering the opportunity and challenges of these R&D units, there is a need to change these units to be active in order to quickly respond the market and demand requirements. Finally, a few alternative solutions and improvement plans are proposed, in which the Iranian R&D Society is responsible for supporting and succeeding these action plans towards the organization goals.
Suggested Citation
Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, Reza, Ale Ebrahim, Nader, Golnam, Arash, Vasei, M. and Ghazizadeh-Moghaddam, Ali, Analysis of opportunities and challenges for R&D management and the role of the R&D society for its improvement - A case study in Iran, Proceeding of the R&D Management Conf., Lake Windermere: England, July 5-7, 2006,"Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges for R&D Management and the Role of the R&D Society for its Improvement – A Case Study in Iran" by Reza R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, et al.
Virtual Marketing in Virtual Enterprises
Abstract
Virtualization caused tremendous evolution in the economics of marketing channels, patterns of physical distribution and the structure of distributors and developed a new concept that is known as virtual marketing (VM). VM combines the powerful technologies of interactive marketing and virtual reality. Virtual enterprise (VE) refers to an organization not having a clear physical locus. In other words, VE is an organization distributed geographically and whose work is coordinated through electronic communications." It should be mentioned that here VE encompasses all other similar phrases like Virtual company, virtual corporation, etc. One of the greatest challenges facing business owners and managers – both for traditional and virtual organizations- is finding a way to cost−effectively communicate frequently and consistently with their target markets; and the virtual marketing perform this function at the best possible. In this paper, we focus on the concept of “Virtual marketing in virtual enterprises”.
Suggested Citation
Ale Ebrahim N., Fattahi H.A., Golnam A. (2008 ) Virtual Marketing in Virtual Enterprises, 2nd International Marketing Management conference, Tehran, Iran. pp. 1-12."Virtual Marketing in Virtual Enterprises" by Nader Ale Ebrahim, et al.
Knowledge Management in Iran
Abstract
In the highly competitive global market, only organizations survive in which, knowledge has replaced labor and natural resources as the key source of sustainable growth and development. The organizations that have learnt doing things differently and doing different things. In such organizations knowledge and learning are widely considered as sustainable sources of competitive advantage. In this paper first we take a look at the history and the pioneers of knowledge management in Iran analyzing the evolutionary trend of knowledge management and its current condition in Iran. Then we trace the emphasis put on knowledge management in the fourth economic, social and cultural development plan proposed by the Iranian Government with an analytical approach. Next but still important we present the summary of the 5th Seminar of the Industries and Mines Research and Development Centers by the name of Research and Development and Knowledge Management which was held on 23 and 24th of Nov. 05 in Tehran by The R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines with the help of the Deputy Office for Planning, Research & Development of the Ministry of Industries & Mines and the Deputy Office of Research of the Ministry of Science, Research & Technology. Since we were directly involved in the above mentioned seminar from both scientific and executive point of view we believe this seminar is the most up to date case study about knowledge management in Iran.
Suggested Citation
Ale Ebrahim N., Ghazizadeh A., Golnam A. (2006) Knowledge Management in Iran, Knowledge Management International Conference and Exhibition 2006 (KMICE 2006), Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."Knowledge Management in Iran" by Nader Ale Ebrahim, et al.
R&D Management in Iran, Opportunities and Threats
Abstract
Research and Development (R&D) management in Iran has faced many barriers and obstacles, in which R&D units are considered as the basic core of the product development and innovation. Due to structural shortcomings, a great number of organizations and industries have not yet been able to position themselves in the market. There are about 1141 R&D units throughout Iran, due to the geographical decentralization of these units this paper considers and analyzes the R&D case study in one of the provinces located in the north part of Iran, and the findings can be generalized to the other industrialized areas and zones in Iran. In this province, there are about 2504 industrial units of which there are only 44 R&D units certified by the state government. However, there is limited number of these R&D units that are extensively active. This paper also addresses the current status in respect with the R&D activities to find out why little attention has been paid to these activities in the industrial units. Considering the opportunities and challenges of these R&D units reveals that there is a need to activate these units so that they can quickly respond to changes in the market. Finally, a few alternative solutions and improvement plans are proposed, in which the Iranian R&D Society is responsible for supporting and fostering these action plans towards the organization goals. The research methodology was based on a previous field research conducted in Hamedan province, and after the analysis of the research results, a model for the efficiency of R&D units will be presented.
Suggested Citation
Ale Ebrahim N., Ghazizadeh A., Golnam A., Tahbaz Tavakoli H. (2007) R&D Management in Iran, Opportunities and Threats, 16th International Conference on Management of Technology (IAMOT 2007), "Management of Technology for the Service Economy", Miami Beach Resort & Spa, Miami Beach, Florida, USA."R&D Management in Iran, Opportunities and Threats" by Nader Ale Ebrahim, et al.
Applying System Dynamics to Confront Complex Decision Making in R&D Systems : A Knowledge Based Approach
Abstract
Research and development has always played a strategically important role in the survival and the growth of technology-based firms. R&D is positively linked to company performance measures such as sales, productivity and shareholder returns and in addition to this, facing increased competition, as a result of globalization the viability of many established firms is based on the efficiency of their R&D activities. Similar to other business models, R&D systems are characterized by complex structure and dynamic behavior. It's often difficult to predict or trace the consequences of certain decisions due to the existence of delays, non-linearities and causal feedback inherent to such systems, in other words, the effect of making a decision in one part of the R&D function can manifest itself in another part of the business system at an unexpected time. There's a widely held belief that System Dynamics is the only way for challenging the increasing complexity of decision making in general and the best solution to avoid unintended consequences. This paper investigates the links between complex decision making in R&D management by describing how a dynamic simulation model, which broadly characterizes the causal feedback structure and the dynamic behavior of a typical R&D system, can be built to increase R&D systems efficiency. In this paper, first we start with defining R&D and its different types, and highlighting the importance of R&D. Then systems are defined and we explore complexity and its different types within the systems. As the next step we provide an answer to the question, how decision making complexities are originated in R&D. Then we take a brief look at the history of system dynamics and we become familiar with system dynamics tools (i.e. Causal Loop Diagrams and Stock and Flow Diagrams). Finally we get into modeling complexities faced in R&D decision making by system dynamics approach, starting from basic models and ending with more complex ones.
Suggested Citation
Golnam A., Ale Ebrahim N. (2005) Applying System Dynamics to Confront Complex Decision Making in R&D Systems, 5th conference of Industries and Mines R&D Centers, Tehran, Iran."Applying System Dynamics to Confront Complex Decision Making in R&D Systems : A Knowledge Based Approach" by Arash Golnam, et al.
"Heavy Duty Fleet and Transportation in IIran the Past, the Present Condition, the future perspectives and its interaction with Economy
Abstract:
Since the ancient times Iran has always played a significant role in the Transportation Industry due to its strategic position in the silk road that connected Asia to Europe and Middle East to .Ancient Iranians are believed to be the pioneers of land transportation in the world and transportation has always been considered as one of the most ancient and historical Industries in Iran . Nowadays in the third millennium Transportation Industry experts believe that Iran is once more located in a strategic and geopolitical position in the world in which , according to the economic analyses, the Transportation Industry brings over three hundred billion dollars revenue annually. Iran's share out of this considerable revenue is just 1 percent, statistically 30% of Iran's transportation market is captured by Turkey and Azerbaijan Trucks and Trailers, In addition to this Iran has approximately no share in the freight transportation from Europe to Middle Asia. In this paper we first picture current condition of transportation fleet in Iran then we elaborate on the reasons contributing to this loss of market all according to statistical analysis of the up to date facts and figures, gathered through the survey we recently conducted in Iran. As the next step we go through a SWOT (strength weaknesses opportunities and threats) analysis of one of the biggest commercial vehicle manufacturers in the Middle East, ending up with highlighting and analyzing some of the strategies that can be or have been devised with the purpose of capturing a larger proportion of market share in the Transportation and becoming the market leader as a change around in the recent years, and their economic impacts.
Suggested Citation
Ale Ebrahim N., Golnam A. (2006) Heavy Duty Fleet and Transportation in Iran the Past, the Present Condition, the future perspectives and its interaction with Economy, FISITA 2006 World Automotive Congress., Yokohama, Japan. pp. 1-12."Heavy Duty Fleet and Transportation in Iran the Past, the Present Condition, the future perspectives and its interaction with Economy" by Nader Ale Ebrahim, et al.
Heat transfer from humid air to a two-row direct expansion plate finned tube coils (DX) under condensing conditions
The 1996 3rd Biennial Joint Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, ESDA. Part 6 (of 9), Montpellier, Fr, 07/01-04/96; pp. 221-228. 1996
Abstract:
Direct Expansion plate finned tube coils (DX) are extensively used in air conditioning systems. If the air flowing over the coil is humid and the coil's temperature is below the dew point, condensation will occur on the fins. In this paper a two-row Direct Expansion plate finned tube coils (DX) in which the tubes are arranged triangular, has been selected for analysis of sensible and latent heats. By applying a two-dimensional analysis on an individual cell of the coil, the governing equations have been derived. These equations have been solved numerically using a finite difference method. The temperature distributions and fin efficiency variation for both wet and dry surface conditions, versus fin pitch, fin material, temperature and humidity of the inlet air flow and Reynolds number, have been determined.
Link to: Heat transfer from humid air to a two-row direct expansion plate finned tube coils (DX) under condensing conditions
Wednesday, 9 March 2011
Virtual R&D Team: Technology Transfer Facilitator
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Mohammad Ali Shafia
University of Science and Technology - Faculty of Industrial Engineering
Hamid Tahbaz Tavakoli
The R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines
18th International Conference on Management of Technology, 2009
Abstract:
A conceptual model is proposed which facilitate the process of technology transfer by applying a virtual R&D team. The underlying hypothesis is responded to competitive challenges, the complex customer requirements and the high instability on the market. The context of the knowledge-based economy introduces a major shift from serial to simultaneous R&D activities in the way technology transfer is conceived. The traditional model of R&D team work is relies on the visual and face-to-face teams. The complexities involved in organizing face-to-face interactions among team members from one side, and the rapid developments of electronic communication technologies from the other ,caused firms to turn towards employing virtual R&D teams. The paper postulates that in the new perspective, virtual R&D team to be considered as a specific technology transfer means. It depends on the ways firms and other institutions are managing them, in particular the co-evolution of their absorptive capabilities and their technology conveying strategies. To support the theoretical analysis, this paper provides a comprehensive review based on authentic and reputed publications.
Keywords: Virtual R&D team; Technology Transfer; Conceptual model
SSRN-Virtual R&D Team: Technology Transfer Facilitator by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Mohammad Ali Shafia, Hamid Tahbaz TavakoliVirtual R&D Teams for NPD in SMEs: Past, Present and Future Trend
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
October 29, 2008
Asia pacific Conference on Management of Technology and Technology Entrepreneurship, Melaka, Malaysia, October 29-30, 2008
Abstract:
This paper provides a comprehensive review on different aspects of virtual teams based on authentic and reputed publications. The purpose of the state-of-the-art literature review is to provide an overview of what is known about the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration in SMEs. SMEs are the backbone of the world business. The focus of the investigation is on virtual R&D teams in SMEs. After providing a definition and importance of virtual teams, research and development (R&D), small and medium enterprises (SME) and new product development (NPD), the relationship between them will be examined. This paper seeks to address some of the gaps in the existing extensive literature on virtual teams as a general and virtual R&D teams in new product development in SMEs, as a concentrate topic. Covering previous literatures, the research gaps derive and propose the way of further studies and recommend are provided. Along extending future research some managerial implication will be discussed. It is argued that the preparation for virtual R&D team working should be given consideration in the management of R&D new product development projects.
Keywords: R&D, Virtual Team, Small and Medium Enterprises, Literature Review
SSRN-Virtual R&D Teams for NPD in SMEs: Past, Present and Future Trend by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha
Concurrent Collaboration in Research and Development
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
National Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering (DECON) October 28-29, 2008, Melaka, Malaysia
Abstract:
Integration is the essence of current research and development (R&D) activity in many organizations. Integration can be established in various ways depending on the type, size and intricacy in organizational functions and products. Nevertheless, research and development (R&D) has become an inevitable function in most manufacturing companies in order to develop their own product niches for their survival in the prevailing highly competitive market environment. Research and development functions are fundamental drivers of value creation in technology-based enterprises. Of creating and maintaining a vibrant R&D environment, organizations individually or collectively need to incorporate virtual R&D team. A virtual R&D team can introduce new product in less lead time than by conventional R&D working. Therefore, how to increase the possibility of having more successful R&D is a critical issue for enterprises. This paper examines the current approach of collaboration in R&D issues from the perspective of their impact on virtual R&D team in enterprises and compares the findings with the other concepts of concurrent collaboration. By reviewing literature and theories, the paper firstly presents the definition and characteristics of virtual R&D teams. A comparison of different types of virtual R&D teams along with the strengths and limitations of the preceding studies in this area are also presented. It is observed that most of the research activities encourage and support virtual R&D teams applicable to enterprises. Distinctive benefits of establishing virtual R&D team have been enumerated and demand future attention has been indicated in the paper.
Keywords: Research and Development, Virtual team, Concurrent Collaboration
SSRN-Concurrent Collaboration in Research and Development by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha
Virtual Teams for NPD – An Innovative Experience for R&D Engineers
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2009
Abstract:
New interaction tools such as internet allows companies to gain valuable input from research and development (R&D) engineers via virtual teams. Consequently engineers also get more expertise in diminutive time-frames. Virtual R&D teams present the key impetus to the technology acquisition process. The present knowledge-economy era is characterized by short product life-cycles. Virtual R&D teams may reduce time-to-market, make available a large pool of new product know-how and provide greater flexibilities which are the key success factors in a competitive market. This comprehensive review contains almost 100 references and covers the recent literature with emphasis on topic. The review has focused on authentic and reputed publications and extracts the results. This article presents the type of virtual teams and their main features and explains how virtual R&D team can play a prominent role in developing new products. The article is evolved future study guideline and also illustrates how to apply virtual interaction tools and integrate engineers into the innovation process. Management of virtual R&D teams in new product development (NPD) processes in an innovative, effective and efficient is of a high importance, but the issue has been poorly addressed in the previous studies. Findings show that virtual R&D team provides valuable input for new product development and R&D engineers are able to attain virtual experience.
Keywords: Virtual R&D Teams, New Product Development, Virtual Experience, R&D Engineers
SSRN-Virtual Teams for NPD – An Innovative Experience for R&D Engineers by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha
SMEs and Virtual R&D Teams: A Motive Channel for Relationship between SMEs
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
International Conference for Technical Postgraduates, December 2009
Abstract:
This paper explores potential advantages and barriers of virtual teams toward making an interrelation between small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) with a comprehensive review on different aspects of virtual teams in SMEs based on authentic and reputed publications. The purpose of the state-of-the-art literature review is to provide an overview of what is known about the structure and dynamics of virtual collaboration in SMEs which they are the back bone of the world business. This study seeks to address some of the advantages of virtual R&D team in the existing extensive literature on the increase SMEs interrelations. Besides of identify benefits of virtual R&D team in SMEs, propose the way of further studies and recommend improvements. We argue that the routines used to promote interrelation between SMEs, based on virtual collaboration can sometimes create problems for firms as they ignore new challenges. We elaborate various theories on the virtual R&D team by reviewing the precedent papers.
Keywords: SMEs, Virtual R&D Teams
SSRN-SMEs and Virtual R&D Teams: A Motive Channel for Relationship between SMEs by Nader Ale Ebrahim
Dealing with Virtual R&D Teams in New Product Development
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
The 9th Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering & Management Systems Conference and the 11th Asia Pacific Regional Meeting of the International Foundation for Production Research, December 3-5, 2008, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia
Abstract:
National and global collaboration in research and development (R&D) is becoming increasingly important in creating the knowledge that makes research and business more competitive. Multinational enterprises have increased their research and development (R&D) investment in different countries. These multiple sites encourage the development of more ideas, due to the varied international backgrounds in global networks and the knowledge spillovers. In order to secure the viability of business processes, services and products R&D teams need to access and retrieve information from as many sources as possible. From the other perspective virtual teams are important mechanisms for organizations seeking to control scarce resources across geographic and other boundaries. Moreover, virtual collaboration has become vital for most organizations. This is particularly true in the context of designing new product and innovative services. In this paper all the major aspects of Virtual R&D team are discussed in technical terms. The paper provides an integral definition and characterization of virtual R&D team. The potential value that is created by virtual R&D teams for new product development is explored. Lastly, pertinent practical guidelines and implications are presented.
Keywords: Virtual R&D Team, NPD, Technology Management
SSRN-Dealing with Virtual R&D Teams in New Product Development by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha
Consideration of the Virtual Team Work and Disabled Citizens, as Promising Opportunity Providers for the E-Government Infrastructure's Formation
Mohammad Ali Shafia
University of Science and Technology - Faculty of Industrial Engineering
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
Second Conference on Electronic City, 2009
Abstract:
The Information area has revolutionized the workplace. Douglas Kruse, a professor of human resources and the director of the program for disability research at Rutgers University, states that 7% of employed persons with disabilities work 20 hours or more a week from home. While some modern countries have established “virtual teams”, which are said to be comprised of people who are geographically scattered and who work across boundaries of space and time using computer driven communication technologies, it is also true that many developing countries remain structured around conventional face-to-face teams. A motive toward virtual team working may be cost effectiveness. Increasing transport and human resource costs makes face to face contact less attractive unless they are essential. In an environment of urging to move into the direction of governing the activities via electronic moves, consideration of the individuals who deliver their services to the society in the form of virtual teams are of the primary value which should accelerate the E culture while E government is aimed at. By reviewing literature and theories, this paper present the definition and characteristics of virtual teams. A comparison of different types of virtual teams along with the application, strengths and limitations of them regarding as the promising elements of e activities are elaborated. Persons with disabilities are entitled to and capable of the same career options as their non-disabled counterparts and increasing numbers of them are taking advantage of virtual workplaces therefore creating a condition to facilitate the cultivation of e moves in the society.
Keywords: Virtual team, Virtual Workplaces, Disabled Citizen, Workplace, E Government
SSRN-Consideration of the Virtual Team Work and Disabled Citizens, as Promising Opportunity Providers for the E-Government Infrastructure's Formation by Mohammad Ali Shafia, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha
Literature, Principle and the Basics of Network Value Creation in R&D: The Relationship with Economy
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
June 29, 2008
Seventh Conference of Industries and Mines R&D Centers - R&D and Network Value Creation, Tehran, Iran, June 29-30, 2008
Abstract:
The internationalization of R&D network is a recent phenomenon. In this knowledge based environment, the driving forces for this phenomenon are digitization, the internet, and high-speed data networks that are keys to address many of the operational issues from design to logistics and distribution. From the other direction to surviving in the highly competitive industry, requires strategies to collaborate with or compete with suitable firms within a network in the New Product Development process. The growing internationalization of R&D activities challenges multinational corporations (MNCs) to formulate technology strategies and manage increasingly diffuse and diverse networks of R&D laboratories and alliances in the context of disparate national institutions. Research and development functions are fundamental drivers of value creation in technology-based enterprises. Successful R&D is a function of invention and R&D network. This paper studies R&D network issues from the perspective of their impact on value creation. It is observed that most of the research activities encourage and support R&D networks and influences in economic development.
Keywords: R&D, Network
SSRN-Literature, Principle and the Basics of Network Value Creation in R&D: The Relationship with Economy by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha
Virtual Collaborative R&D Teams in Malaysia Manufacturing SMEs
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid
University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture
Zahari Taha
University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering
Md. Abdul Wazed
University of Malaya (UM)
2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Technologies, 2011
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of empirical research conducted during March to September 2009. The study focused on the influence of virtual research and development (R&D) teams within Malaysian manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The specific objective of the study is better understanding of the application of collaborative technologies in business, to find the effective factors to assist SMEs to remain competitive in the future. The paper stresses to find an answer for a question “Is there any relationship between company size, Internet connection facility and virtuality?” The survey data shows SMEs are now technologically capable of performing the virtual collaborative team, but the infrastructure usage is less. SMEs now have the necessary technology to begin the implementation process of collaboration tools to reduce research and development (R&D) time, costs and increase productivity. So, the manager of R&D should take the potentials of virtual teams into account.
Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprises, Collaborative Tools, Questionnaires, Virtual Teams
SSRN-Virtual Collaborative R&D Teams in Malaysia Manufacturing SMEs by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid, Zahari Taha, Md. Abdul Wazed
Virtuality, Innovation and R&D Activities
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
June 24, 2009
14th International Conference, 'Thinking Minds: Nurturing the Design of a Better Future', June 22-26, 2009, Malaysia
Abstract:
Innovation plays a central role in economic development, at regional and national level. In the competitive environment companies are obliged to produce more rapidly, more effectively and more efficiently in new product development which is a result of research and development (R&D) activities. It is necessary for them to put together different capabilities and services with the goal, through cooperation between suppliers and customers, service providers and scientific institutions to achieve innovations of high quality. Depending on the type of industry, the type of business, the type of innovation and the strategic objectives that have been set, firms will regularly have to modify the way in which their R&D and innovation is organized. Nowadays shift from serial to simultaneous and parallel working in innovation has become more commonplace. Literatures have shown that collaboration is as a meta-capability for innovation. By a comprehensive reviewing of literature this article after define a virtual teams and its characteristics, addressing virtual environments innovation and the relationship to R&D activities. Finally conclude that innovation cannot be successful unless the knowledge and information in the R&D project are effectively captured, shared and internalized by the R&D project’s virtual team members.
Keywords: Virtual team, innovation, R&D
SSRN-Virtuality, Innovation and R&D Activities by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari TahaA Conceptual Model of Virtual Product Development Process
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
2nd Seminar on Engineering and Information Technology, (SEIT 2009), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, July 8-9, 2009
Abstract:
In today’s dynamic marketplace, companies are under strong pressure to introduce new products for long-term survival with their competitors. Besides, every company cannot cope up progressively or immediately with the market requirements due to knowledge dynamics being experienced in competitive milieu. Increased competition and reduced product life cycles put force upon companies to develop new products faster. In response to this pressing need there should be some new approach compatible in flexible circumstances. This paper presents a solution based on the Stage-Gate system, which is closely linked with virtual team approach. Virtual teams can provide a platform to advance the knowledge-base in a company and thus to reduce time-to-market. This article introduces conceptual product development architecture under a virtual-team umbrella. The paper describes all the major aspects of new product development (NPD), NPD process and its relationship with virtual team, Stage-Gate system and finally presents a modified Stage-Gate system. It also provides the guidelines for the successful implementation of virtual team in new products development.
Keywords: Modified Stage-Gate System, Virtual Product Development, Conceptual Model
SSRN-A Conceptual Model of Virtual Product Development Process by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari TahaVirtual Environments Innovation and R&D Activities: Management Challenges
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
Proceedings of the International Graduate on Engineering and Science, 2008
Abstract:
Companies will not survive long unless they join a threefold revolution in management itself, innovation, and information technology. Innovation plays a central role in economic development, at regional and national level. In the competitive environment companies are obliged to produce more rapidly, more effectively and more efficiently in new product development which is a result of research and development (R&D) activities. It is necessary for them to put together different capabilities and services with the goal, through cooperation between suppliers and customers, service providers and scientific institutions to achieve innovations of high quality. Depending on the type of industry, the type of business, the type of innovation and the strategic objectives that have been set, firms will regularly have to modify the way in which their R&D and innovation is organized and how information technology should managed. Nowadays shift from serial to simultaneous and parallel working in innovation has become more commonplace. Literatures have shown that collaboration is as a meta-capability for innovation. This article after define a virtual teams and its characteristics, addressing virtual environments innovation and the relationship to R&D activities. Finally conclude that managers of company should invest less in tangible assets, but more in R&D and virtual team to generate knowledge, and in their employees’ creativity to stimulate incremental innovations in already existing technologies that will directly generate their future competitive advantage.
Keywords: Virtual Teams
SSRN-Virtual Environments Innovation and R&D Activities: Management Challenges by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari TahaVirtual R&D Teams: Innovation and Technology Facilitator
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
Engineering Education in 2025, 2009
Abstract:
Innovation is becoming the most important key issue for company’s success in the 21st century. In the competitive environment is necessary for the enterprises to put together different capabilities and services with the goal. It’s a widely accepted that innovation is better achieved by working in team. The employed web services technology, although very popular nowadays but it is still not mature enough, so dealing with it can bring new findings. Virtual teams base on information technology are formed to facilitate transnational innovation processes and it should be noted that innovation has a positive impact on corporate performance. Information and communication technology has brought about significant changes in organizations and produced important benefits, including in the areas of innovation which is recognized as a prime source of national competitive advantage. This contribution proposes a conceptual model for understanding and analyzing the process of virtual R&D team as an innovation and technology assimilation facilitator. The context of the knowledge-based economy introduces a major shift from serial to simultaneous R&D in the way of idea conception to technology creation is conceived. This paper briefly reviews the existing perspectives on virtual teams and their effect on innovation and technology. It also discusses the main characteristics of virtual teams and clarifies the differences aspects of virtual team application in the topic. To support the theoretical analysis, this paper provides a comprehensive review based on authentic and reputed publications. We argue that scanty research has been conducted to facilitate understanding the problem of systematically governing creative innovation toward a technology through virtual R&D teams.
Keywords: Virtual R&D team; Innovation, Idea creation, Technology, Conceptual model
SSRN-Virtual R&D Teams: Innovation and Technology Facilitator by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari TahaR&D Networking and Value Creation in SMEs
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
June 30, 2008
Seventh conference of Industries and Mines R&D Centers - R&D and Network Value Creation, Tehran, Iran, June 29-30, 2008
Abstract:
Research and development (R&D) activities are fundamental drivers of value creation in today’s technology-based Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs). Seemingly, a successful R&D is a task of innovation processes and development of R&D networks with allied companies. There is a perceived lack of understanding regarding the importance of SMEs and their need to continuously enhancing their technological capabilities for the purpose of establishing them in dominant market positions. This article presents R&D network issues from the perspective of their impact on value creation in SMEs. The fundamental trend to enable SMEs towards creation of new knowledge and diffuse in and transfer that to other SME''s could be achieved by developing of collaborative environments and networks to increase their innovation capabilities as a single unit as well as the capabilities of the network as a whole through collective learning. SMEs seem to be the appropriate units to behave like network nodes because of their lean structure, adaptability to market evolution, active involvement of versatile human resources, ability to establish sub-contracting relations and good technological level for their products. SMEs not only shape the larger outcome, but also constrain actions of the state and MNCs in demand-responsive, buyer-driven networks. The objective of this article is the notice to creation of a network of SMEs that are geographically dispersed but virtually linked so that the participating members focus on their specialized tasks yet also share their knowledge and experience on resources to create an agile structured and flexible enterprise.
Keywords: R&D, SMEs, Network, Value creation
SSRN-R&D Networking and Value Creation in SMEs by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari TahaBenefits and Pitfalls of Virtual R&D Teams: An Empirical Study
Nader Ale Ebrahim
University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering
Shamsuddin Ahmed
University of Malaya (UM)
Zahari Taha
University of Malaya (UM)
6th International Communication & Information Technology Management Conference, 2010
Abstract:
In this paper, advantages and drawbacks of virtual teams in research and development (R&D) are studied. With the globalization of commercial practices and advances in information and communication technologies, increasing numbers of enterprises are establishing cross-functional, geographically distributed virtual teams. Virtual teams in R&D are designed to access external resources and knowledge to maximize the competitive advantage from limited labor and resources. A survey has been conducted on 210 Malaysian and Iranian manufacturing companies, aimed to investigate the characteristics of R&D collaborations and extract the main advantages/disadvantages’ factors of virtual teams. These factors can be a guide line for R&D manager to achieve better performance of virtual teams.
Keywords: Virtual Teams, Research and Developments, Survey Finding
SSRN-Benefits and Pitfalls of Virtual R&D Teams: An Empirical Study by Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha