Transparency about editorial policies is
vital for several reasons. Authors are entitled to know exactly how and
on what grounds their manuscript will be assessed. Reviewers benefit
from clear and specific instructions about their task and role in the
review process. Quality journals may distinguish themselves from
predatory ones by articulating clear editorial policies. Transparent
policies also enable research on the benefits of different peer review
practices, which is required to ultimately facilitate better review. In
general, transparency is crucial for building trust in the community,
which is essential for the functioning of science.
Transparent editorial policies should explain procedures for four publication and peer review phases:
- At submission
Explain
editorial governance, including the precise composition of the
editorial board, the scope of the journal, the applicable ethics
policies, and the use of journal metrics, including rejection rates.
- During review
Explain
the criteria for article selection (e.g. the relevance of novelty
and/or anticipated impact and methodological rigour) and the timing of
review in the publication process (e.g. whether registered reports
and/or post-publication review are used). Be clear about the extent to
which authors’ and reviewers’ identities will be known (blinding), and
to whom review reports will be communicated. Specify how reviewers will
be selected, instructed, or possibly trained. Also explain how digital
tools such as similarity scanners and scanners for digital image
manipulation will be used and whether any reporting guidelines are
applied.
- Publication
Make
information about the review process of published articles available on
the article-level, by detailing the roles in the review process (e.g.
specify how many reviewers were involved and what other people
contributed to the final decision), what criteria for acceptance and
what digital tools were used.
- Post-publication
Explain
the criteria and procedures for corrections, expressions of concern,
retractions, or other rectifications or changes to published material.
Transparent editorial policies should be
explicit and detailed. For example, mentioning that ‘blind review’ is
performed is not enough, since this can refer to anonymised authors,
authors removed from references, anonymised reviewers, identities that
are revealed after review or publication, or even anonymised editors.
Similarly, announcing the use of a similarity check does not explain
what will be done with the results. Hence, procedures should be
specified in detail. Information about editorial policies should be kept
up to date and changes should be documented and archived. This can
either be done on the journal homepage, in the guide for authors or on
the article-level along with published articles.
Making editorial policies transparent will
require an effort by publishers and editors. However, it builds trust in
the research community and constitutes an essential measure to improve
the fairness, integrity and quality of the journal review process.
This declaration was issued by the
participants of the meeting “IT Tools in Academic Publishing: between
Expectations and Challenges”, Leiden University 5-6 July 2018.