SSRN Author Page for Ale Ebrahim, Nader

Ale Ebrahim, Nader's Scholarly Papers Click on the title of any column to sort the table by that column.
					Citation indices   All Since 2009 Citations 432 431 h-index 11 11 i10-index 11 11
		Papers (60)	Authors	Date	Downloads  (Rank)	Citations
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1.		Virtual Teams: A Literature Review | Hide Abstract | Download | Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 2653-2669, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 07 Nov 09	1,397 (6,283)
		Abstract: In the competitive market, virtual teams represent a growing response to the need for fasting time-to-market, low-cost and rapid solutions to complex organizational problems. Virtual teams enable organizations to pool the talents and expertise of employees and non-employees by eliminating time and space barriers. Nowadays, companies are heavily investing in virtual team to enhance their performance and competitiveness. Despite virtual teams growing prevalence, relatively little is known about this new form of team. Hence the study offers an extensive literature review with definitions of virtual teams and a structured analysis of the present body of knowledge of virtual teams. First, we distinguish virtual teams from conventional teams, different types of virtual teams to identify where current knowledge applies. Second, we distinguish what is needed for effective virtual team considering the people, process and technology point of view and underlying characteristics of virtual teams and challenges they entail. Finally, we have identified and extended 12 key factors that need to be considered, and describes a methodology focused on supporting virtual team working, with a new approach that has not been specifically addressed in the existing literature and some guide line for future research extracted. Virtual team, Literature review, Effective virtual team
2.		Virtual R&D Teams in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Literature Review | Hide Abstract | Download | Scientific Research and Essays, Vol. 4, No. 13, pp. 1575–1590, December 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 05 Jan 10 Last Revised: 02 Feb 10	875 (13,291)
		Abstract: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the driving engine behind economic growth. While SMEs play a critical role in generating employment and supporting trade, they face numerous challenges, the prominent among them are the need to respond to fasting time-to-market, low-cost and rapid solutions to complex organizational problems. Towards that end, research and development (R & D) aspect deserves particular attention to promote and facilitate the operations of SMEs. Virtual R & D team could be a viable option. However, literature shows that virtual R & D teaming in SMEs is still at its infancy. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R & D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the state-of-the-art literature review is to provide an overview on the structure and dynamics of R & D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the foundation and importance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R & D team and SMEs has been examined. It concludes with the identification of the gaps in the existing literatures and calls for future research. It is argued that setting-up an infrastructure for virtual R & D team in SMEs still requires a large amount of engineering efforts and deserves consideration at top level management. Virtual teams, small and medium enterprises, literature review
3.		SMEs; Virtual Research and Development (R&D) Teams and New Product Development: A Literature Review | Hide Abstract | Download | International Journal of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 916-930, July 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 10 Sep 10	349 (46,196)
		Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Their continued growth is a major subject for the economy and employment of any country. Towards that end, virtual research and development (R&D) could be a viable option to sustain and ease the operations of SMEs. However, literature shows there has not been a great deal of research into the diverse characteristic of virtual R&D teams in SMEs. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R&D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the literature review is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the rationale and relevance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R&D team for SMEs and new product development (NPD) has been examined. It concludes with identifying the gaps and feebleness in the existing literatures and calls for future research in this area. It is argued to form of virtual R&D team deserves consideration at top level management for venturing into the new product development within SMEs. Virtual teams, small and medium enterprises, new product development, R&D
4.		Modified Stage-Gate: A Conceptual Model of Virtual Product Development Process | Hide Abstract | Download | African Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 211-219, December 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 16 Dec 09 Last Revised: 28 Dec 09	346 (46,651)
		Abstract: In today’s dynamic marketplace, manufacturing companies are under strong pressure to introduce new products for long-term survival with their competitors. Nevertheless, every company cannot cope up progressively or immediately with the market requirements due to knowledge dynamics being experienced in the competitive milieu. Increased competition and reduced product life cycles put force upon companies to develop new products faster. In response to these pressing needs, there should be some new approach compatible in flexible circumstances. This paper presents a solution based on the popular Stage-Gate system, which is closely linked with virtual team approach. Virtual teams can provide a platform to advance the knowledge-base in a company and thus to reduce time-to-market. This article introduces conceptual product development architecture under a virtual team umbrella. The paper describes all the major aspects of new product development (NPD), NPD process and its relationship with virtual teams, Stage-Gate system finally presents a modified Stage-Gate system to cope up with the changing needs. It also provides the guidelines for the successful implementation of virtual teams in new product development. Modified stage-gate system, virtual product development, conceptual model
5.		Innovation and R&D Activities in Virtual Team | Hide Abstract | Download | European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 297-307, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 07 Nov 09	314 (52,431)
		Abstract: Innovation plays a central role in economic development, at the regional and national level. In the competitive environment companies are obliged to produce more rapidly, more effectively and more efficiently in new product development, which is a result of research and development (R&D) activities. It is necessary for them to put together different capabilities and services with the goal, through cooperation between suppliers and customers, service providers and scientific institutions to achieve innovations of high quality. Depending on the type of industry, the type of business, the type of innovation and the strategic objectives that have been set, firms will regularly have to modify the way in which their R&D and innovation are organized. Nowadays, shift from serial to simultaneous and parallel working in innovation has become more commonplace. Literatures have shown that collaboration is as a meta-capability for innovation. By a comprehensive reviewing of literature this article after define virtual teams and its characteristics, addressing virtual environment innovation and the relationship to R&D activities. Finally conclude that innovation cannot be successful, unless the knowledge and information in the R&D project are effectively captured, shared and internalized by the R&D project’s virtual team members. Virtual team, Literature review, Innovation, Research and Development
6.		A Comparison between Two Main Academic Literature Collections: Web of Science and Scopus Databases | Hide Abstract | Download | Asian Social Science, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 18-26, April 27, 2013 Accepted Paper Series	Aghaei Chadegani, Arezoo University Kebangsaan Malaysia Salehi, Hadi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch Yunus, Melor Md National University of Malaysia - Faculty of Education Farhadi, Hadi National University of Malaysia - Research Center for Islamic Economics and Finance (EKONIS-UKM) Fooladi, Masood Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh Branch Farhadi, Maryam National University of Malaysia Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 29 Apr 13 Last Revised: 09 May 13	304 (54,671)
		Abstract: Nowadays, the world’s scientific community has been publishing an enormous number of papers in different scientific fields. In such environment, it is essential to know which databases are equally efficient and objective for literature searches. It seems that two most extensive databases are Web of Science and Scopus. Besides searching the literature, these two databases used to rank journals in terms of their productivity and the total citations received to indicate the journals impact, prestige or influence. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive comparison of these databases to answer frequent questions which researchers ask, such as: How Web of Science and Scopus are different? In which aspects these two databases are similar? Or, if the researchers are forced to choose one of them, which one should they prefer? For answering these questions, these two databases will be compared based on their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. web of science, scopus, database, citations, provenance, coverage, searching, citation tracking, impact factor, indexing, h-index, researcher profile, researcher ID
7.		Effective Strategies for Increasing Citation Frequency | Hide Abstract | Download | International Education Studies, Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 93-99, 2013 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Salehi, Hadi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch Embi, Mohamed Amin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Faculty of Education Habibi, Farid University of Economic Sciences Gholizadeh, Hossein University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Motahar, Seyed Mohammad Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Faculty of Information Science and Technology Ordi, Ali Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - Advance Informatics School (AIS)	Posted: 25 Oct 13	256 (66,053)
		Abstract: Due to the effect of citation impact on The Higher Education (THE) world university ranking system, most of the researchers are looking for some helpful techniques to increase their citation record. This paper by reviewing the relevant articles extracts 33 different ways for increasing the citations possibilities. The results show that the article visibility has tended to receive more download and citations. This is probably the first study to collect over 30 different ways to improve the citation record. Further study is needed to explore and expand these techniques in specific fields of study in order to make the results more precisely. University ranking, Improve citation, Citation frequency, Research impact, Open access, h-index
8.		Virtual Teams for New Product Development: An Innovative Experience for R&D Engineers | Hide Abstract | Download | European Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 109-123, October 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 07 Nov 09	244 (69,505)
		Abstract: New interaction tools such as internet allow companies to gain valuable input from research and development (R&D) engineers via virtual teams. Consequently, engineers also get more expertise in diminutive time frames. Virtual R&D teams present the key impetus to the technology acquisition process. The present knowledge-economy era is characterized by short product life-cycles. Virtual R&D teams may reduce time-to-market, make available a large pool of new product know-how and provide greater flexibilities, which are the key success factors in a competitive market. This comprehensive review contains almost 100 references and covers the recent literature with emphasis on the topic. The review has focused on authentic and reputed publications and extracts the results. This article presents the type of virtual teams and their main features and explains how virtual R&D team can play a prominent role in developing new products. The article is evolved future study guideline and also illustrates how to apply virtual interaction tools and integrate engineers into the innovation process. Management of virtual R&D teams in new product development (NPD) processes in an innovative, effective and efficient is of a high importance, but the issue has been poorly addressed in the previous studies. Findings show that virtual R&D team provides valuable input for new product development and R&D engineers are able to attain virtual experience. Virtual R&D Teams, New Product Development, Virtual Experience, R&D Engineers
9.		Virtual Teams and Management Challenges Hide Abstracts | Versions (2) | hide multiple versions | Export Bibliographic Info |			218 (78,148)
		Virtual Teams and Management Challenges | Hide Abstract | Download | Academic Leadership Journal, 9(3), pp. 1-7, Summer 2011 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 19 Apr 12	96
		Abstract: Collaboration is becoming increasingly important in creating the knowledge that makes business more competitive. Virtual teams are growing in popularity [1] and many organizations have responded to their dynamic environments by introducing virtual teams. Additionally, the rapid development of new communication technologies such as the Internet has accelerated this trend so that today, most of the larger organization employs virtual teams to some degree [2]. A growing number of flexible and adaptable organizations have explored the virtual environment as one means of achieving increased responsiveness [3]. Howells et al. [4] state that the shift from serial to simultaneous and parallel working has become more commonplace. Based on conventional information technologies and Internet-based platforms virtual environments may be used to sustain companies’ progress through virtual interaction and communication. Virtual R&D teams, Virtual Team, Management Challenge, Collaboration, ICT application
		Virtual Teams and Management Challenges | Hide Abstract | Download | 1st Executive MBA Conference, Tehran, Iran, May 18-19, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 13 Jan 11	122
		Abstract: As a result of globalization and advances in information and communication technologies, the increased use of virtual teams in business has become prominent. In the competitive environment companies are obliged to produce more rapidly, more effectively and more efficiently. It is necessary for them to put together different capabilities and services with the goal, through cooperation between suppliers and customers, service providers and scientific institutions to achieve firm’s objective with high quality. Nowadays shift from serial to simultaneous and parallel working in entity has become more commonplace. Literatures have shown that collaboration is as a meta-capability for companies. This article after define a virtual teams and its characteristics, addressing virtual environments and relationship with different challenges which organization should deal them such as management and employee challenges. Finally conclude that managers of company should invest less in tangible assets, but more in virtual team to generate knowledge, and in their employees’ creativity to stimulate incremental innovations in already existing technologies that will directly generate their future competitive advantage. Companies must educate everyone, not just virtual employees, on the virtual team culture but both employees and managers need to understand the dealing aspects with virtual team. Virtual Team, Management Challenge, Collaboration, ICT application
10.		Work Together...When Apart Challenges and What is Need for Effective Virtual Teams | Hide Abstract | Download | Journal of Information, Knowledge and Research in Business Management and Administration, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-3, October 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Raval, R. R. C. U. Shah College Of Engineering and Technology Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 23 Sep 10	218 (78,148)
		Abstract: Increasingly competitive global markets and accelerating technological changes have increased the need for people to contact via electronic medium to have daily updates, the people those who could not able to meet face to face every day. Those who contact via electronic medium i.e. Virtual Team, are having number of benefit but to achieve these potential benefits, however, leaders need to overcome liabilities inherent in the lack of direct contact among team members and managers. Team members may not naturally know how to interact effectively across space and time. By this paper author try to throw some lights on the challenges that virtual team faces and try to elaborate what is needed for Virtual Team. Team, Virtual Team
11.		Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Iran: An Empirical Study Using Structural Equation Modelling | Hide Abstract | Download | Middle East FORUM, Vol. 1, Issue, 9, pp. 71-85, December 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Jafarnejad, Ahmad Faculty of Management, University of Tehran Golnam, Arash The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 14 Oct 11	192 (88,900)
		Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Iran by applying the structural equation modelling (SEM). Using the annual time series data for the 1991-2006 period, two models were developed. In the first model the correlation between 12 determining factors and FDI in Iran were analyzed and in the second model the 12 factors were fit into five categories of determinants namely: Business, Economic, Infrastructural, Oil and Science and Technology and the impact of each of the mentioned groups of factors was investigated. The results derived through the first model indicated that openness of trade and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita have a significant positive impact on FDI in Iran, while along with inflation, oil extraction and production had a surprisingly negative correlation with FDI. The results also suggested that infrastructural factors pertaining to telecommunications in addition to market size, research and development (R&D), education and the scientific output encourage FDI inflows in Iran. The second model output estimates revealed that the business factors promote FDI most and interestingly once more the oil factor proved to have a negative impact on the FDI inflows to Iran. Foreign Investment, Structural Equation Modelling, Iran
12.		Critical Factors for New Product Developments in SMEs Virtual Team | Hide Abstract | Download | African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 2247-2257, September 4, 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 09 Oct 10	154 (108,824)
		Abstract: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are considered as an engine for economic growth all over the world and especially for developing countries. During the past decade, new product development (NPD) has increasingly been recognized as a critical factor in ensuring the continued survival of SMEs. On the other hand, the rapid rate of market and technological changes has accelerated in the past decade, so this turbulent environment requires new methods and techniques to bring successful new products to the marketplace. Virtual team can be a solution to answer the requested demand. However, literature have shown no significant differences between traditional NPD and virtual NPD in general, whereas NPD in SME’s virtual team has not been systematically investigated in developing countries. This paper aims to bridge this gap by first reviewing the NPD and its relationship with virtuality and then identifies the critical factors of NPD in virtual teams. The statistical method was utilized to perform the required analysis of data from the survey. The results were achieved through factor analysis at the perspective of NPD in some Malaysian and Iranian manufacturing firms (N = 191). The 20 new product development factors were grouped into five higher level constructs. It gives valuable insight and guidelines, which hopefully will help managers of firms in developing countries to consider the main factors in NPD. Survey findings, new product development, factor analysis, virtual team
13.		Virtual R&D Teams and SMEs Growth: A Comparative Study Between Iranian and Malaysian SMEs | Hide Abstract | Download | African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 2368-2379, September 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering	Posted: 09 Oct 10	147 (113,369)
		Abstract: This paper explores potential advantages of using virtual teams for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with a comprehensive review on various aspects of virtual teams. Based on the standing of the pertinent literatures, attempt has been made to study the aspects by online survey method in Iran and Malaysia. In both countries, SMEs play an important role in their economies, employments, and capacity building. Virtual R&D team can be one of the means to increase SMEs efficiency and competitiveness in their local as well as global markets. In this context, surveys have been conducted to evaluate the effects of virtuality to the growth of SMEs. The study addresses some differences between two countries in engaging virtual research and development (R&D) teams in their SMEs. It is observed that there is a significant difference between the SMEs turnover that employed virtual team and that did not employ the virtual team. The way for further studies and recommend improvements are proposed. Virtual R&D team, small and medium enterprises, survey, developing countries
14.		Introduction to the Research Tools Mind Map | Hide Abstract | Download | Research World, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 1-3, Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 17 Jun 13	133 (124,191)
		Abstract: With the increasing use of information and communications technology (ICT), researchers are able to use computer software tools to find, organise, manipulate, analyse, and share relevant information. However, there are hundreds of such tools to select from, for various research-related uses. I have collected over 700 tools that can help researchers do their work efficiently. It is assembled as an interactive Web-based mind map, titled Research Tools, which is updated periodically. Created using the MindMeister software platform, Research Tools provides a convenient interface with zoom in/out, screen drag, and other user-friendly features. Being a mind map, Research Tools consists of a hierarchical set of nodes. It has four main nodes: (1) Searching the literature, (2) Writing a paper, (3) Targeting suitable journals, and (4) Enhancing visibility and impact, and six auxiliary nodes. In the mind map, each parent node has several child nodes associated with it, which can be accessed by clicking on the plus (+) sign. Several free tools can be found in the child nodes. Some paid tools are also included. The four main nodes are described below, listing some tools as examples. In the mind map, a green tick sign indicates my preference for some tools. Users can access the tools by clicking on the arrow sign that appears next to the tool title. e-skills, Digital research tools, Research Tools, Emerging tools
15.		The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEs Hide Abstracts | Versions (2) | hide multiple versions | Export Bibliographic Info |			111 (141,992)
		The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEs | Hide Abstract | Download | IEMS, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 109-114, June 2011 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering	Posted: 15 Jun 11	76
		Abstract: The number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially those involved with research and development (R&D) programs and employed virtual teams to create the greatest competitive advantage from limited labor are increasing. Global and localized virtual R&D teams are believed to have high potential for the growth of SMEs. Due to the fast-growing complexity of new products coupled with new emerging opportunities of virtual teams, a collaborative approach is believed to be the future trend. This research explores the effectiveness of virtuality in SMEs’ virtual R&D teams. Online questionnaires were emailed to Malaysian manufacturing SMEs and 74 usable questionnaires were received, representing a 20.8 percent return rate. In order to avoid biases which may result from pre-suggested answers, a series of open-ended questions were retrieved from the experts. This study was focused on analyzing an open-ended question, whereby four main themes were extracted from the experts’ recommendations regarding the effectiveness of virtual teams for the growth and performance of SMEs. The findings of this study would be useful to product design managers of SMEs in order to realize the key advantages and significance of virtual R&D teams during the new product development (NPD) process. This in turn, leads to increased effectiveness in new product development's procedure. Virtual Teams, New Product Development, Survey Finding, Small and Medium Enterprises
		The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEs | Hide Abstract | Download | The 11th Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering and Management Systems Conference, December 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering	Posted: 19 Dec 10	35
		Abstract: The number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially those involved with research and development (R&D) programs and employed virtual teams to create the greatest competitive advantage from limited labor are increasing. Global and localized virtual R&D teams are believed to have a high potential for SMEs growth. Due to the fast growing complexity of the new product, coupled with new emerging opportunities of virtual teams, a collaborative approach is believed to be the future trend. This research explores the effectiveness of virtuality in SMEs virtual R&D teams. An online questionnaire emailed to Malaysian manufacturing SMEs and 74 usable questionnaires were received, representing a 20.8 percent return rate. To avoid the bias that may result from pre-suggested answer, a series of open-ended questions asked from expertise. This study based on analyzing an open-ended question; extract four main themes among expertise recommendations on the effectiveness of virtual teams for SMEs growth and performance. These are suitable for SMEs new product design manager to realize the key advantage and importance of virtual R&D teams in the process of NPD, which lead to increase the effectiveness of the new product's procedure. Virtual Teams, New Product Development, Survey Finding, Small and Medium Enterprises.
16.		Effective Virtual Teams for New Product Development | Hide Abstract | Download | Scientific Research and Essay, 7(21), 1971-1985, June 2012 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering	Posted: 17 Jun 12	90 (164,271)
		Abstract: At present, the existing literature shows that the factors which influence the effectiveness of virtual teams for new product development are still ambiguous. To address this problem, a research design was developed, which includes detailed literature review, preliminary model and field survey. From literature review, the factors which influence the effectiveness of virtual teams are identified and these factors are modified using a field survey. The relationship between knowledge workers (people), process and technology in virtual teams is explored in this study. The results of the study suggest that technology and process are tightly correlated and need to be considered early in virtual teams. The use of software as a service, web solution, report generator and tracking system should be incorporated for effectiveness virtual teams. Virtual teams, collaboration, questionnaires, communication, information, integration, performance, success, cross-functional teams, product development
17.		SMEs: ERP or Virtual Collaboration Teams | Hide Abstract | Download | First Enterprise Resource Planning Conference, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 30 Dec 10	89 (165,499)
		Abstract: Small firms are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role to promote economic development. SMEs in the beginning of implementing new technologies always face capital shortage and need technological assistance. Available ERP systems do not fulfil the specific requirements of Small firms. SMEs has scarce resources and manpower therefore many SMEs don‟t have the possessions to buy and operate an ERP System. On the other hand competition and competitiveness of SMEs have to be strengthened. This paper briefly reviews the existing perspectives on virtual teams and their effect on SMEs management. It also discusses the main characteristics of virtual teams and clarifies the differences aspects of virtual team application in SMEs. After outlining some of the main advantages and pitfall of such teams, it concentrates on comparing of ERP and virtual collaborative teams in SMEs. Finally, it provides evidence for the need of “Software as a Service (SaaS)” where an application is hosted as a service provided to customers across the web for SMEs as an alternative of ERP. It has been widely argued that ERP disadvantage in SMEs such as administrative expenditure and cost, isolated structure, severe lack of software flexibility, insufficient support of SMEs business and high operating cost, lead SMEs to use virtual collaborative team which is net work base solution. Virtual teams, Small and Medium Enterprises, ERP, Collaboration
18.		R&D Networking and Value Creation in SMEs | Hide Abstract | Download | Seventh conference of Industries and Mines R&D Centers - R&D and Network Value Creation, Tehran, Iran, June 29-30, 2008 Working Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 13 Jan 11	87 (167,839)
		Abstract: Research and development (R&D) activities are fundamental drivers of value creation in today’s technology-based Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs). Seemingly, a successful R&D is a task of innovation processes and development of R&D networks with allied companies. There is a perceived lack of understanding regarding the importance of SMEs and their need to continuously enhancing their technological capabilities for the purpose of establishing them in dominant market positions. This article presents R&D network issues from the perspective of their impact on value creation in SMEs. The fundamental trend to enable SMEs towards creation of new knowledge and diffuse in and transfer that to other SME''s could be achieved by developing of collaborative environments and networks to increase their innovation capabilities as a single unit as well as the capabilities of the network as a whole through collective learning. SMEs seem to be the appropriate units to behave like network nodes because of their lean structure, adaptability to market evolution, active involvement of versatile human resources, ability to establish sub-contracting relations and good technological level for their products. SMEs not only shape the larger outcome, but also constrain actions of the state and MNCs in demand-responsive, buyer-driven networks. The objective of this article is the notice to creation of a network of SMEs that are geographically dispersed but virtually linked so that the participating members focus on their specialized tasks yet also share their knowledge and experience on resources to create an agile structured and flexible enterprise. R&D, SMEs, Network, Value creation
19.		Managing Communication in New Product Development Process: Virtual R&D Teams and Information Technology | Hide Abstract | Download | United Kingdom - Malaysia - Ireland Engineering Science Conference, pp. 495-502, 2011 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering	Posted: 30 Oct 11 Last Revised: 01 Mar 12	81 (175,510)
		Abstract: Literature proves the importance of the role of information technology in increasing the effectiveness of virtual R&D teams’ communication for new product development. However, the factors that make information technology construct in a virtual R&D team are still ambiguous. Managers of virtual R&D teams for new product development do not know “which type of technology should be used”. To address the gap and answer the question, the paper presents a set of factors that make a construct that contribute to effective communication strategy for virtual R&D teams. The proposed construct has been modified based on the findings of a field survey. This work empirically examines the relationship between information technology construct and its factors by employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A measurement model is built based on the 19 preliminary chosen factors that have been extracted from literature review. The result shows that 10 factors can make a technology construct. These 10 factors can be grouped into two different constructs, namely Web-based communication and Web-based data sharing. The study findings can help new product developers to concentrate on the main factors for leading effective communications among virtual R&D team members. In addition, this work provides a guideline for software developers to create appropriate tools for virtual R&D teams. Virtual R&D teams, Collaboration, Questionnaires, Performance, Cross-Functional teams, Product development, Structural equation modeling, Measurement model
20.		Virtual Teams: A New Opportunity to Develop a Business | Hide Abstract | Download | International Conference on Entrepreneurship Across Boundaries, 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering	Posted: 19 Dec 10	81 (175,510)
		Abstract: Virtual teams give many advantages to organizations, including increased knowledge sharing and improve organizational performance. Virtual teams have altered the expectations and boundaries of knowledge worker’s interactions and make a new opportunity to develop the business. In this paper, we present summary results of an online survey. The online questionnaire was emailed by using a simple random sampling method to 356 Malaysian manufacturing small and medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The findings of this study show that SMEs in Malaysia are gaining to use virtual teams, and it can be concluded that virtual teams provide a new platform for developing the business in SMEs. Based on the study, we suggest avenues for future research that are important to advancing our understanding of virtual team effects on business growth. Collaboration, Virtual Teams, SMEs, Entrepreneurship, Business Development, Survey
21.		Applying System Dynamics to Confront Complex Decision Making in R&D Systems | Hide Abstract | Download | 5th Conference of Industries and Mines R&D Centers, November 22-23, 2005 Accepted Paper Series	Golnam, Arash The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 08 Apr 11	80 (176,894)
		Abstract: Research and development has always played a strategically important role in the survival and the growth of technology-based firms. R&D is positively linked to company performance measures such as sales, productivity and shareholder returns and in addition to this, facing increased competition, as a result of globalization the viability of many established firms is based on the efficiency of their R&D activities. Similar to other business models, R&D systems are characterized by complex structure and dynamic behavior. It's often difficult to predict or trace the consequences of certain decisions due to the existence of delays, non-linearities and causal feedback inherent to such systems, in other words, the effect of making a decision in one part of the R&D function can manifest itself in another part of the business system at an unexpected time. There's a widely held belief that System Dynamics is the only way for challenging the increasing complexity of decision making in general and the best solution to avoid unintended consequences. This paper investigates the links between complex decision making in R&D management by describing how a dynamic simulation model, which broadly characterizes the causal feedback structure and the dynamic behavior of a typical R&D system, can be built to increase R&D systems efficiency. In this paper, first we start with defining R&D and its different types, and highlighting the importance of R&D. Then systems are defined and we explore complexity and its different types within the systems. As the next step we provide an answer to the question, how decision making complexities are originated in R&D. Then we take a brief look at the history of system dynamics and we become familiar with system dynamics tools (i.e. Causal Loop Diagrams and Stock and Flow Diagrams). Finally we get into modeling complexities faced in R&D decision making by system dynamics approach, starting from basic models and ending with more complex ones. System Dynamics, Decision Making, Research and Development (R&D), Dynamic Behavior, Causal Feedback, Dynamic Simulation Model, Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs), Stock and Flow Diagrams (SFDs)
22.		Virtual Marketing in Virtual Enterprises | Hide Abstract | Download | International Marketing Management Conference (IRMMC), 2008 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Fattahi, Hamid A. The R&D Fund of Industries and Mines Golnam, Arash The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers	Posted: 08 Apr 11	69 (192,781)
		Abstract: Virtualization caused tremendous evolution in the economics of marketing channels, patterns of physical distribution and the structure of distributors and developed a new concept that is known as virtual marketing (VM). VM combines the powerful technologies of interactive marketing and virtual reality. Virtual enterprise (VE) refers to an organization not having a clear physical locus. In other words, VE is an organization distributed geographically and whose work is coordinated through electronic communications. It should be mentioned that here VE encompasses all other similar phrases like Virtual company, virtual corporation, etc. One of the greatest challenges facing business owners and managers both for traditional and virtual organizations is finding a way to cost-effectively communicate frequently and consistently with their target markets; and the virtual marketing perform this function at the best possible. In this paper, we focus on the concept of Virtual marketing in virtual enterprises. Virtuality, Virtual Marketing, Virtual Enterprise
23.		New Product Development in Virtual Environment | Hide Abstract | Download | International Conference on Technology Management and Innovation in China: Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st Century, 2008 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 19 Dec 10	69 (192,781)
		Abstract: Purpose - The literature on the topic has evolved exponentially since eight years ago. Relaying on a review of studies published in recent years, this article proposes and discusses a framework which incorporates a set of virtual teams involved in a new product development initiative. Design/methodology/approach - A range of academic and practitioner literature related to virtual teams and virtual new product development is reviewed. What is Virtual New Product Development and what determines its development in manufacturing firms? These two questions are answered. Findings - The decision to use a virtual team is often a necessity and not a choice; being ‘virtual’ is in most cases not an alternative but a requirement. Enterprise may benefit from building and maintain the virtual teams in a number of ways such as achieving higher quality, accessing and capturing dispersed knowledge and skills regarding the multifunctional and multi-use components and modules, electronically unite experts in highly specialized fields, collaborating more productivity at a distance, achieving tight schedules and start quickly, reducing travel time and cost, enabling the recruitment of talented employees, builds diverse teams, promoting proactive employment and finally reducing discrimination in enterprises. Originality/value - The results of an academic literature review were employed to the literature so far has not paid adequate attention to the virtual team activities in NPD. The results highlight several avenues which would help managers and policy makers to better foster cyber new product development and designers to better channel of their efforts in the design and manufacturing domain. New Product Development, Virtual Teams
24.		Virtual R&D Teams: A Potential Growth of Education-Industry Collaboration Hide Abstracts | Versions (2) | hide multiple versions | Export Bibliographic Info |			68 (194,413)
		Virtual R&D Teams: A Potential Growth of Education-Industry Collaboration | Hide Abstract | Download | Academic Leadership Journal, 9(4), pp. 1-4, Fall 2011 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 20 Apr 12	33
		Abstract: With the advent of the global economy and high-speed Internet, online collaboration is fast becoming the norm in education and industry [1]. Information technology (IT) creates many new inter-relationships among businesses, expands the scope of industries in which a company must compete to achieve the competitive advantage. Information systems and technology allow companies to coordinate their activities in distant geographic locations [2]. IT is providing the infrastructure necessary to support the development of new collaboration forms among industry and education. Virtual research and development (R&D) teams represent one such relational form, one that could revolutionize the workplace and provide organizations with unprecedented levels of flexibility and responsiveness [3-4]. Virtual R&D teams, Collaboration, virtual teams, SMEs, Education
		Virtual R&D Teams: A Potential Growth of Education-Industry Collaboration | Hide Abstract | Download | 2nd International Congress on Engineering Education (ICEED) 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering	Posted: 19 Dec 10	35
		Abstract: In this paper, we present our more than two years research experiences on virtual R&D teams in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and draws conclusions, giving special attention to the structure of virtual teams required to support education-industry collaboration. We report the relevant results of an online survey study. The online questionnaire was emailed by using a simple random sampling method to 947 manufacturing SMEs. The findings of this study show that SMEs in Malaysia and Iran are willing to use virtual teams for collaboration and the platform for industry-education collaboration is ready and distance between team members or differences in time zones, are not barriers to industry-education collaborations. Collaboration, Virtual Teams, SMEs, Education
25.		Does Criticisms Overcome the Praises of Journal Impact Factor? | Hide Abstract | Download | Asian Social Science, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 176-182, April 2013. Accepted Paper Series	Fooladi, Masood Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh Branch Salehi, Hadi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch Yunus, Melor Md National University of Malaysia - Faculty of Education Farhadi, Maryam National University of Malaysia Aghaei Chadegani, Arezoo University Kebangsaan Malaysia Farhadi, Hadi National University of Malaysia - Research Center for Islamic Economics and Finance (EKONIS-UKM) Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 28 Apr 13 Last Revised: 09 May 13	65 (200,798)
		Abstract: Journal impact factor (IF) as a gauge of influence and impact of a particular journal comparing with other journals in the same area of research, reports the mean number of citations to the published articles in particular journal. Although, IF attracts more attention and being used more frequently than other measures, it has been subjected to criticisms, which overcome the advantages of IF. Critically, extensive use of IF may result in destroying editorial and researchers’ behaviour, which could compromise the quality of scientific articles. Therefore, it is the time of the timeliness and importance of a new invention of journal ranking techniques beyond the journal impact factor. Impact factor (IF), Journal ranking, Criticism, Praise, SCOPUS, Web of science, Self-citation
26.		Benefits and Pitfalls of Virtual R&D Teams: An Empirical Study | Hide Abstract | Download | 6th International Communication & Information Technology Management Conference, 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 20 Dec 10	65 (199,141)
		Abstract: In this paper, advantages and drawbacks of virtual teams in research and development (R&D) are studied. With the globalization of commercial practices and advances in information and communication technologies, increasing numbers of enterprises are establishing cross-functional, geographically distributed virtual teams. Virtual teams in R&D are designed to access external resources and knowledge to maximize the competitive advantage from limited labor and resources. A survey has been conducted on 210 Malaysian and Iranian manufacturing companies, aimed to investigate the characteristics of R&D collaborations and extract the main advantages/disadvantages’ factors of virtual teams. These factors can be a guide line for R&D manager to achieve better performance of virtual teams. Virtual Teams, Research and Developments, Survey Finding
27.		Technology Use in the Virtual R&D Teams | Hide Abstract | Download | American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 9-14, 2012 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering	Posted: 06 Feb 12	62 (204,052)
		Abstract: Problem statement: Although, literature proves the importance of the technology role in the effectiveness of virtual Research and Development (R&D) teams for new product development. However, the factors that make technology construct in a virtual R&D team are still ambiguous. The manager of virtual R&D teams for new product development does not know which type of technology should be used. Approach: To address the gap and answer the question, the study presents a set of factors that make a technology construct. The proposed construct modified by finding of the field survey (N = 240). We empirically examine the relationship between construct and its factors by employing the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A measurement model built base on the 19 preliminary factors that extracted from literature review. The result shows 10 factors out of 19 factors maintaining to make technology construct. Results: These 10 technology factors can be grouped into two constructs namely Web base communication and Web base data sharing. The findings can help new product development managers of enterprises to concentrate in the main factors for leading an effective virtual R&D team. In addition, it provides a guideline for software developers as well. Conclusion: The second and third generation technologies are now more suitable for developing new products through virtual R&D teams. Collaboration teams, questionnaires performance, cross-functional teams, product development, structural equation modeling, measurement model, literature review
28.		Does it Matter Which Citation Tool is Used to Compare the H-Index of a Group of Highly Cited Researchers? | Hide Abstract | Download | Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 198-202, March 2013 Accepted Paper Series	Farhadi, Hadi National University of Malaysia - Research Center for Islamic Economics and Finance (EKONIS-UKM) Salehi, Hadi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch Yunus, Melor Md National University of Malaysia - Faculty of Education Aghaei Chadegani, Arezoo University Kebangsaan Malaysia Farhadi, Maryam National University of Malaysia Fooladi, Masood Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh Branch Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 06 Jun 13	61 (205,840)
		Abstract: h-index retrieved by citation indexes (Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science) is used to measure the scientific performance and the research impact studies based on the number of publications and citations of a scientist. It also is easily available and may be used for performance measures of scientists, and for recruitment decisions. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between the outputs and results from these three citation databases namely Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science based upon the h-index of a group of highly cited researchers (Nobel Prize winner scientist). The purposive sampling method was adopted to collect the required data. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the h-index between three citation indexes of Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science; the Google scholar h-index was more than the h-index in two other databases. It was also concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between h-indices based on Google scholar and Scopus. The citation indexes of Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science may be useful for evaluating h-index of scientists but they have some limitations as well. h-index, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Nobel Prize, Physics, Chemistry, Economic Sciences
29.		Virtual R&D Teams for NPD in SMEs: Past, Present and Future Trend | Hide Abstract | Download | Asia pacific Conference on Management of Technology and Technology Entrepreneurship, Melaka, Malaysia, October 29-30, 2008 Working Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 22 Dec 10	61 (205,840)
		Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review on different aspects of virtual teams based on authentic and reputed publications. The purpose of the state-of-the-art literature review is to provide an overview of what is known about the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration in SMEs. SMEs are the backbone of the world business. The focus of the investigation is on virtual R&D teams in SMEs. After providing a definition and importance of virtual teams, research and development (R&D), small and medium enterprises (SME) and new product development (NPD), the relationship between them will be examined. This paper seeks to address some of the gaps in the existing extensive literature on virtual teams as a general and virtual R&D teams in new product development in SMEs, as a concentrate topic. Covering previous literatures, the research gaps derive and propose the way of further studies and recommend are provided. Along extending future research some managerial implication will be discussed. It is argued that the preparation for virtual R&D team working should be given consideration in the management of R&D new product development projects. R&D, Virtual Team, Small and Medium Enterprises, Literature Review
30.		Process Construct in the Virtual R&D Teams | Hide Abstract | Download | in Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering & Management Systems Conference (APIEMS 2012), Patong Beach, Phuket, Thailand, 2012, pp. 1822-1828, December 2012 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering Mohammadjafari, Marjan University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 22 Feb 13	59 (209,285)
		Abstract: Literature proves the importance of the process role in the effectiveness of virtual research and development (R&D) teams for new product development (NPD). However, the factors that make process construct in a virtual R&D team are still unclear. The manager of virtual R&D teams for NPD does not know which items of process should be used. To address the gap and answer the question, the study presents a set of factors that make a process construct. The proposed construct modified by finding of the field survey. We empirically examine the relationship between construct, dimensions and its factors by employing the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A measurement model built base on the 13 preliminary factors that extracted from literature review. The result shows 9 factors out of 13 factors maintaining to make process construct. These factors can be grouped into two dimensions namely generating report and collaborative system. The findings can help new product development managers of enterprises to concentrate in the main factors for leading an effective virtual R&D team. In addition, it provides a guideline for future research. Collaboration teams, questionnaires performance, cross-functional teams, product development, measurement model, virtual team
31.		Virtual Collaborative R&D Teams in Malaysia Manufacturing SMEs | Hide Abstract | Download | 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Technologies, 2011 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering Wazed, Md. Abdul University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 01 Mar 11	53 (220,300)
		Abstract: This paper presents the results of empirical research conducted during March to September 2009. The study focused on the influence of virtual research and development (R&D) teams within Malaysian manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The specific objective of the study is better understanding of the application of collaborative technologies in business, to find the effective factors to assist SMEs to remain competitive in the future. The paper stresses to find an answer for a question “Is there any relationship between company size, Internet connection facility and virtuality?” The survey data shows SMEs are now technologically capable of performing the virtual collaborative team, but the infrastructure usage is less. SMEs now have the necessary technology to begin the implementation process of collaboration tools to reduce research and development (R&D) time, costs and increase productivity. So, the manager of R&D should take the potentials of virtual teams into account. Small and Medium Enterprises, Collaborative Tools, Questionnaires, Virtual Teams
32.		Virtual Environments Innovation and R&D Activities: Management Challenges | Hide Abstract | Download | Proceedings of the International Graduate on Engineering and Science, 2008 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 30 Dec 10	50 (226,182)
		Abstract: Companies will not survive long unless they join a threefold revolution in management itself, innovation, and information technology. Innovation plays a central role in economic development, at regional and national level. In the competitive environment companies are obliged to produce more rapidly, more effectively and more efficiently in new product development which is a result of research and development (R&D) activities. It is necessary for them to put together different capabilities and services with the goal, through cooperation between suppliers and customers, service providers and scientific institutions to achieve innovations of high quality. Depending on the type of industry, the type of business, the type of innovation and the strategic objectives that have been set, firms will regularly have to modify the way in which their R&D and innovation is organized and how information technology should managed. Nowadays shift from serial to simultaneous and parallel working in innovation has become more commonplace. Literatures have shown that collaboration is as a meta-capability for innovation. This article after define a virtual teams and its characteristics, addressing virtual environments innovation and the relationship to R&D activities. Finally conclude that managers of company should invest less in tangible assets, but more in R&D and virtual team to generate knowledge, and in their employees’ creativity to stimulate incremental innovations in already existing technologies that will directly generate their future competitive advantage. Virtual Teams
33.		A Conceptual Model of Virtual Product Development Process | Hide Abstract | Download | 2nd Seminar on Engineering and Information Technology, (SEIT 2009), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, July 8-9, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 22 Dec 10	50 (226,182)
		Abstract: In today’s dynamic marketplace, companies are under strong pressure to introduce new products for long-term survival with their competitors. Besides, every company cannot cope up progressively or immediately with the market requirements due to knowledge dynamics being experienced in competitive milieu. Increased competition and reduced product life cycles put force upon companies to develop new products faster. In response to this pressing need there should be some new approach compatible in flexible circumstances. This paper presents a solution based on the Stage-Gate system, which is closely linked with virtual team approach. Virtual teams can provide a platform to advance the knowledge-base in a company and thus to reduce time-to-market. This article introduces conceptual product development architecture under a virtual-team umbrella. The paper describes all the major aspects of new product development (NPD), NPD process and its relationship with virtual team, Stage-Gate system and finally presents a modified Stage-Gate system. It also provides the guidelines for the successful implementation of virtual team in new products development. Modified Stage-Gate System, Virtual Product Development, Conceptual Model
34.		Virtuality, Innovation and R&D Activities | Hide Abstract | Download | 14th International Conference, 'Thinking Minds: Nurturing the Design of a Better Future', June 22-26, 2009, Malaysia Working Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 22 Dec 10	50 (226,182)
		Abstract: Innovation plays a central role in economic development, at regional and national level. In the competitive environment companies are obliged to produce more rapidly, more effectively and more efficiently in new product development which is a result of research and development (R&D) activities. It is necessary for them to put together different capabilities and services with the goal, through cooperation between suppliers and customers, service providers and scientific institutions to achieve innovations of high quality. Depending on the type of industry, the type of business, the type of innovation and the strategic objectives that have been set, firms will regularly have to modify the way in which their R&D and innovation is organized. Nowadays shift from serial to simultaneous and parallel working in innovation has become more commonplace. Literatures have shown that collaboration is as a meta-capability for innovation. By a comprehensive reviewing of literature this article after define a virtual teams and its characteristics, addressing virtual environments innovation and the relationship to R&D activities. Finally conclude that innovation cannot be successful unless the knowledge and information in the R&D project are effectively captured, shared and internalized by the R&D project’s virtual team members. Virtual team, innovation, R&D
35.		Virtual R&D Teams: Innovation and Technology Facilitator | Hide Abstract | Download | Engineering Education in 2025, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 13 Jan 11	48 (230,335)
		Abstract: Innovation is becoming the most important key issue for company’s success in the 21st century. In the competitive environment is necessary for the enterprises to put together different capabilities and services with the goal. It’s a widely accepted that innovation is better achieved by working in team. The employed web services technology, although very popular nowadays but it is still not mature enough, so dealing with it can bring new findings. Virtual teams base on information technology are formed to facilitate transnational innovation processes and it should be noted that innovation has a positive impact on corporate performance. Information and communication technology has brought about significant changes in organizations and produced important benefits, including in the areas of innovation which is recognized as a prime source of national competitive advantage. This contribution proposes a conceptual model for understanding and analyzing the process of virtual R&D team as an innovation and technology assimilation facilitator. The context of the knowledge-based economy introduces a major shift from serial to simultaneous R&D in the way of idea conception to technology creation is conceived. This paper briefly reviews the existing perspectives on virtual teams and their effect on innovation and technology. It also discusses the main characteristics of virtual teams and clarifies the differences aspects of virtual team application in the topic. To support the theoretical analysis, this paper provides a comprehensive review based on authentic and reputed publications. We argue that scanty research has been conducted to facilitate understanding the problem of systematically governing creative innovation toward a technology through virtual R&D teams. Virtual R&D team; Innovation, Idea creation, Technology, Conceptual model
36.		Knowledge Management in Iran | Hide Abstract | Download | Knowledge Management International Conference and Exhibition (KMICE), 2006 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ghazizadeh, Ali Planning Director Golnam, Arash The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers	Posted: 08 Apr 11	47 (232,510)
		Abstract: In the highly competitive global market, only organizations survive in which, knowledge has replaced labor and natural resources as the key source of sustainable growth and development. The organizations that have learned doing things differently and doing different things. In such organizations knowledge and learning are widely considered as sustainable sources of competitive advantage. In this paper first we take a look at the history and the pioneers of knowledge management in Iran analyzing the evolutionary trend of knowledge management and its current condition in Iran. Then we trace the emphasis put on knowledge management in the fourth economic, social and cultural development plan proposed by the Iranian Government with an analytical approach. Next but still important we present the summary of the 5th Seminar of the Industries and Mines Research and Development Centers by the name of Research and Development and Knowledge Management which was held on 23 and 24th of Nov. 05 in Tehran by The R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines with the help of the Deputy Office for Planning, Research & Development of the Ministry of Industries & Mines and the Deputy Office of Research of the Ministry of Science, Research & Technology. Since we were directly involved in the above mentioned seminar from both scientific and executive point of view we believe this seminar is the most up to date case study about knowledge management in Iran. Knowledge Management, Iran, The Fourth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan, The 5th Seminar of the Industries and Mines Research and Development Centers, The R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines.
37.		R&D Management in Iran, Opportunities and Threats | Hide Abstract | Download | 16th International Conference on Management of Technology (IAMOT), 2007 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ghazizadeh, Ali Planning Director Golnam, Arash The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers Tahbaz Tavakoli, Hamid The R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines	Posted: 08 Apr 11	45 (236,843)
		Abstract: Research and Development (R&D) management in Iran has faced many barriers and obstacles, in which R&D units are considered as the basic core of the product development and innovation. Due to structural shortcomings, a great number of organizations and industries have not yet been able to position themselves in the market. There are about 1141 R&D units throughout Iran, due to the geographical decentralization of these units this paper considers and analyzes the R&D case study in one of the provinces located in the north part of Iran, and the findings can be generalized to the other industrialized areas and zones in Iran. In this province, there are about 2504 industrial units of which there are only 44 R&D units certified by the state government. However, there is limited number of these R&D units that are extensively active. This paper also addresses the current status in respect with the R&D activities to find out why little attention has been paid to these activities in the industrial units. Considering the opportunities and challenges of these R&D units reveals that there is a need to activate these units so that they can quickly respond to changes in the market. Finally, a few alternative solutions and improvement plans are proposed, in which the Iranian R&D Society is responsible for supporting and fostering these action plans towards the organization goals. The research methodology was based on a previous field research conducted in Hamedan province, and after the analysis of the research results, a model for the efficiency of R&D units will be presented. R&D Management, R&D Society, Innovation, Industrial Sectors
38.		Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’s H-Index | Hide Abstract | Download | Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, 10 November, 2013. Accepted Paper Series	Farhadi, Maryam National University of Malaysia Salehi, Hadi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch Embi, Mohamed Amin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Faculty of Education Fooladi, Masood Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh Branch Farhadi, Hadi National University of Malaysia - Research Center for Islamic Economics and Finance (EKONIS-UKM) Aghaei Chadegani, Arezoo University Kebangsaan Malaysia Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 11 Nov 13	44 (238,978)
		Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development, H-index, Middle East
39.		Dealing with Virtual R&D Teams in New Product Development | Hide Abstract | Download | The 9th Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering & Management Systems Conference and the 11th Asia Pacific Regional Meeting of the International Foundation for Production Research, December 3-5, 2008, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 22 Dec 10	44 (238,978)
		Abstract: National and global collaboration in research and development (R&D) is becoming increasingly important in creating the knowledge that makes research and business more competitive. Multinational enterprises have increased their research and development (R&D) investment in different countries. These multiple sites encourage the development of more ideas, due to the varied international backgrounds in global networks and the knowledge spillovers. In order to secure the viability of business processes, services and products R&D teams need to access and retrieve information from as many sources as possible. From the other perspective virtual teams are important mechanisms for organizations seeking to control scarce resources across geographic and other boundaries. Moreover, virtual collaboration has become vital for most organizations. This is particularly true in the context of designing new product and innovative services. In this paper all the major aspects of Virtual R&D team are discussed in technical terms. The paper provides an integral definition and characterization of virtual R&D team. The potential value that is created by virtual R&D teams for new product development is explored. Lastly, pertinent practical guidelines and implications are presented. Virtual R&D Team, NPD, Technology Management
40.		Innovation Process is Facilitated in Virtual Environment of R&D Teams | Hide Abstract | Download | International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Shafia, Mohammad Ali University of Science and Technology - Faculty of Industrial Engineering Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 20 Dec 10	44 (238,978)	1
		Abstract: Innovation is becoming the most important key issue for company's success in the 21st century. In the competitive environment it is necessary for the enterprises to put together different capabilities and services with the goal. It is widely accepted that innovation can be better achieved by working in team particularly in the virtual environments. The employed web services technology, although very popular nowadays but it is still not mature enough, so dealing with it can bring new findings. Virtual teams base on information technology are formed to facilitate transnational innovation processes and it should be noted that innovation has a positive impact on corporate performance if it is well guided. This has the pronounced effect when it comes to the learning issues as the virtual preconditions persist. In this environment the possibility of getting closer to the interest of learner from the new environment raise as the barriers being imposed by the service provider is reduced and the freedom of what is require to learn is improved. Information and communication technology has brought about significant changes in organizations and produced important benefits, including in the areas of innovation which is recognized as a prime source of national competitive advantage. This contribution proposes a conceptual model for understanding and analyzing the process of virtual R&D team as an innovation and technology assimilation facilitator when it comes to the issue of conveying innovative message for learning by individuals. The context of the knowledge-based economy introduces a major shift from serial to simultaneous R&D in the way of idea conception to technology creation is conceived. This paper briefly reviews the existing perspectives on virtual teams and their effect on innovation and technology regarding the learning capability which is being altered. It also discusses the main characteristics of virtual teams and clarifies the different aspects of virtual team application in the topic. To support the theoretical analysis, this paper provides a comprehensive review based on authentic and reputed publications. We argue that scanty research has been conducted to facilitate understanding the problem of systematically governing creative innovation toward a technology through virtual R&D teams in the atmosphere of educating individuals based on what they interest them to learn. Virtual team; e-learning; Innovation; Research and development, Learning
41.		Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges for R&D Management and the Role of the R&D Society for its Improvement – A Case Study in Iran | Hide Abstract | Download | The R&D Management Conference, Newby Bridge, Cumbria, UK, 2006 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, Reza Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran Golnam, Arash The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers Vasei, Morteza affiliation not provided to SSRN Ghazizadeh, Ali Planning Director	Posted: 08 Apr 11	43 (241,220)
		Abstract: Research and Development (R&D) management in Iran is faced to many barriers and obstacles, in which R&D units are considered as the basic core of the product development and innovation. Due to structural shortcomings, a great number of organizations and industries have not been able to find their actual status. There are about different 1141 R&D units with a dispersion pattern in Iran. This paper considers and analyzes the R&D case study in one of the provinces located in the north part of Iran in order to enhance the potential R&D activities in respect with the industrialized areas and zones. In this province, there are about 2504 industrial units of which there are only 44 R&D units certified by the state government. However, there are limit numbers of these R&D units that are extensively active. This paper also addresses the current status in respect with the R&D activities to find out why there is a lack and depression of these activities in the industrial units. By considering the opportunity and challenges of these R&D units, there is a need to change these units to be active in order to quickly respond the market and demand requirements. Finally, a few alternative solutions and improvement plans are proposed, in which the Iranian R&D Society is responsible for supporting and succeeding these action plans towards the organization goals.
42.		Virtual Collaborative R&D Teams in Malaysian Manufacturing SMEs | Hide Abstract | Download | Advanced Materials Research, pp. 1653-1659, 2012 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Abdul Rashid, Salwa Hanim University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture Taha, Zahari University Malaysia Pahang - Department of Manufacturing Engineering Wazed, Md. Abdul University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 06 Feb 12	41 (245,558)
		Abstract: This paper presents the results of empirical research conducted during March to September 2009. The study focused on the influence of virtual research and development (R&D) teams within Malaysian manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The specific objective of the study is better understanding of the application of collaborative technologies in business, to find the effective factors to assist SMEs to remain competitive in the future. The paper stresses to find an answer for a question “Is there any relationship between company size, Internet connection facility and virtuality?” The survey data shows SMEs are now technologically capable of performing the virtual collaborative team, but the infrastructure usage is less. SMEs now have the necessary technology to begin the implementation process of collaboration tools to reduce research and development (R&D) time, costs and increase productivity. So, the manager of R&D should take the potentials of virtual teams into account. Small and medium enterprises, Collaborative tools, Questionnaires, Virtual teams
43.		Models for Component Commonality in Multistage Production | Hide Abstract | Download | 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Technologies (MIMT 2011) Accepted Paper Series	Wazed, Md. Abdul University of Malaya (UM) Nukman, Yusoff University of Malaya Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 17 Aug 11	41 (245,558)
		Abstract: Use of common parts for different products (commonality) is important methods for managing product variety and preserving competitiveness in the age of mass customization and supply chain competition. In literature, the advantages of inclusion of common components in a product family are well established. Unfortunately, most of the works have been conducted via simulation or conceptual thinking. The mathematical models in the premises are not adequate for production, planning and control in multistage production. This paper focuses on the advancement of venerable manufacturing resources planning models by incorporating the part commonality concept in a multi-product, multi-period and multi-stage manufacturing system under a deterministic situation. The models are validated with established MRPII models. The material requirement schedule for the basic MRP II and proposed models are compared. It is really a good matching shown between the two schedules. The later bearing additional information of the location where to be available the parts in a time frame. The effects of commonality on cost, capacity and requirement schedule are discussed based on the outcomes of the mathematical models executed with the available live data. component commonality, mathematical models
44.		Demystifying the Legend of Resistance to Change | Hide Abstract | Download | IAMOT 2008: 17th International Conference on Management of Technology, April 6-10, 2008 Accepted Paper Series	Tahbaz Tavakoli, Hamid The R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Golnam, Arash The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers	Posted: 08 Apr 11	41 (245,558)
		Abstract: Nothing is permanent except change. Many authors stress that the reason for the failure of many change initiatives can be found in resistance to change. Resistance to change introduces costs and delays into the change process that are difficult to anticipate but must be taken into consideration. Undoubtedly the resistance to change is key topic in change management and should be seriously considered to help the organization achieve advantages of the transformation. Considering the importance of resistance to change, this paper aims to delve deeper in this field through theoretical exposition of the concept, elaborating more on the literature involving change, types of change coming up with the major reasons why change initiatives fail in some organizations. As the next step we define resistance and we classify its types and as the final analysis we introduce a new managerial approach for overcoming the resistance to change and ensuring the according-to-plan implementation of a change initiative. Change, Failure of Change Initiatives, Overcoming Resistance to Change
45.		Consideration of the Virtual Team Work and Disabled Citizens, as Promising Opportunity Providers for the E-Government Infrastructure's Formation | Hide Abstract | Download | Second Conference on Electronic City, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Shafia, Mohammad Ali University of Science and Technology - Faculty of Industrial Engineering Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 13 Jan 11	41 (245,558)
		Abstract: The Information area has revolutionized the workplace. Douglas Kruse, a professor of human resources and the director of the program for disability research at Rutgers University, states that 7% of employed persons with disabilities work 20 hours or more a week from home. While some modern countries have established “virtual teams”, which are said to be comprised of people who are geographically scattered and who work across boundaries of space and time using computer driven communication technologies, it is also true that many developing countries remain structured around conventional face-to-face teams. A motive toward virtual team working may be cost effectiveness. Increasing transport and human resource costs makes face to face contact less attractive unless they are essential. In an environment of urging to move into the direction of governing the activities via electronic moves, consideration of the individuals who deliver their services to the society in the form of virtual teams are of the primary value which should accelerate the E culture while E government is aimed at. By reviewing literature and theories, this paper present the definition and characteristics of virtual teams. A comparison of different types of virtual teams along with the application, strengths and limitations of them regarding as the promising elements of e activities are elaborated. Persons with disabilities are entitled to and capable of the same career options as their non-disabled counterparts and increasing numbers of them are taking advantage of virtual workplaces therefore creating a condition to facilitate the cultivation of e moves in the society. Virtual team, Virtual Workplaces, Disabled Citizen, Workplace, E Government
46.		Virtual R&D Teams: A Sustainable Infrastructure for Promoting SMEs | Hide Abstract | Download | 2nd Engineering Conference, 2008 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 30 Dec 10	41 (245,558)
		Abstract: Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are a major part of the industrial economies. Their survival and growth has therefore been a prominent issue. Research and development (R&D) enables firms to create new technologies and/or to build on existing technologies obtained through technology transfer. Nowadays unpredictable environment suggests that many firms seek new ways of conducting their business through some kind of R&D activities to make a profit and stay ahead of the competition. To survive in the global economy SMEs have to improve their products and processes exploiting their intellectual capital in a dynamic network of knowledge-intensive relations inside and outside their borders. SMEs need to focus on core competences for efficiency matters; they need to cooperate with external partners to compensate for other competences and resources. Responding to the increasing de-centralization and globalization of work processes, many SMEs have responded to their dynamic environments by introducing virtual teams. Virtual teams are growing in popularity. By a comprehensive literature review this article following define a virtual teams, SMEs and its characteristics, addressing a sustainable infrastructure for promoting SMEs. Finally conclude that managers of SMEs should invest less in tangible assets, but more in the areas of expanding virtual R&D activities which will directly generate their future competitive advantage. Future research need to elaborate the effect of virtual R&D team working on the performance of SMEs. Virtual Team, Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), R&D, Literature Review
47.		Virtual R&D Team: Technology Transfer Facilitator | Hide Abstract | Download | 18th International Conference on Management of Technology, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Shafia, Mohammad Ali University of Science and Technology - Faculty of Industrial Engineering Tahbaz Tavakoli, Hamid The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers	Posted: 04 May 11	38 (252,501)
		Abstract: A conceptual model is proposed which facilitate the process of technology transfer by applying a virtual R&D team. The underlying hypothesis is responded to competitive challenges, the complex customer requirements and the high instability on the market. The context of the knowledge-based economy introduces a major shift from serial to simultaneous R&D activities in the way technology transfer is conceived. The traditional model of R&D team work is relies on the visual and face-to-face teams. The complexities involved in organizing face-to-face interactions among team members from one side, and the rapid developments of electronic communication technologies from the other ,caused firms to turn towards employing virtual R&D teams. The paper postulates that in the new perspective, virtual R&D team to be considered as a specific technology transfer means. It depends on the ways firms and other institutions are managing them, in particular the co-evolution of their absorptive capabilities and their technology conveying strategies. To support the theoretical analysis, this paper provides a comprehensive review based on authentic and reputed publications. Virtual R&D team; Technology Transfer; Conceptual model
48.		Literature, Principle and the Basics of Network Value Creation in R&D: The Relationship with Economy | Hide Abstract | Download | Seventh Conference of Industries and Mines R&D Centers - R&D and Network Value Creation, Tehran, Iran, June 29-30, 2008 Working Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 13 Jan 11	38 (252,501)
		Abstract: The internationalization of R&D network is a recent phenomenon. In this knowledge based environment, the driving forces for this phenomenon are digitization, the internet, and high-speed data networks that are keys to address many of the operational issues from design to logistics and distribution. From the other direction to surviving in the highly competitive industry, requires strategies to collaborate with or compete with suitable firms within a network in the New Product Development process. The growing internationalization of R&D activities challenges multinational corporations (MNCs) to formulate technology strategies and manage increasingly diffuse and diverse networks of R&D laboratories and alliances in the context of disparate national institutions. Research and development functions are fundamental drivers of value creation in technology-based enterprises. Successful R&D is a function of invention and R&D network. This paper studies R&D network issues from the perspective of their impact on value creation. It is observed that most of the research activities encourage and support R&D networks and influences in economic development. R&D, Network
49.		Concurrent Collaboration in Research and Development | Hide Abstract | Download | National Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering (DECON) October 28-29, 2008, Melaka, Malaysia Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 22 Dec 10	37 (254,964)
		Abstract: Integration is the essence of current research and development (R&D) activity in many organizations. Integration can be established in various ways depending on the type, size and intricacy in organizational functions and products. Nevertheless, research and development (R&D) has become an inevitable function in most manufacturing companies in order to develop their own product niches for their survival in the prevailing highly competitive market environment. Research and development functions are fundamental drivers of value creation in technology-based enterprises. Of creating and maintaining a vibrant R&D environment, organizations individually or collectively need to incorporate virtual R&D team. A virtual R&D team can introduce new product in less lead time than by conventional R&D working. Therefore, how to increase the possibility of having more successful R&D is a critical issue for enterprises. This paper examines the current approach of collaboration in R&D issues from the perspective of their impact on virtual R&D team in enterprises and compares the findings with the other concepts of concurrent collaboration. By reviewing literature and theories, the paper firstly presents the definition and characteristics of virtual R&D teams. A comparison of different types of virtual R&D teams along with the strengths and limitations of the preceding studies in this area are also presented. It is observed that most of the research activities encourage and support virtual R&D teams applicable to enterprises. Distinctive benefits of establishing virtual R&D team have been enumerated and demand future attention has been indicated in the paper. Research and Development, Virtual team, Concurrent Collaboration
50.		Virtual R&D Teams Definition | Hide Abstract | Download | Working Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 21 Mar 13	36 (257,526)
		Abstract: The literature related to virtual R&D teams reveals a lack of depth in the definitions (Ale Ebrahim et al., 2010). Although virtual teamwork is a current topic in the literature concerning global organizations, it is problematic to define the meaning of 'virtual teams' across multiple institutional contexts (Chudoba et al., 2005). The concept of a team is described as a small number of people with complementary skills who are equally committed to a common purpose, goal, and working approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (Zenun et al., 2007). It is worth mentioning that virtual teams (VTs) are often formed to overcome geographical or temporal separations (Cascio and Shurygailo, 2003). VTs work across boundaries of time and space using modern computer-driven technologies (Ebrahim et al., 2010). The term VTs is used to cover a wide range of activities and forms of technology-supported working (Anderson et al., 2007). virtual teams, virtual R&D teams
51.		SMEs and Virtual R&D Teams: A Motive Channel for Relationship between SMEs | Hide Abstract | Download | International Conference for Technical Postgraduates, December 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 20 Dec 10	35 (260,035)
		Abstract: This paper explores potential advantages and barriers of virtual teams toward making an interrelation between small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) with a comprehensive review on different aspects of virtual teams in SMEs based on authentic and reputed publications. The purpose of the state-of-the-art literature review is to provide an overview of what is known about the structure and dynamics of virtual collaboration in SMEs which they are the back bone of the world business. This study seeks to address some of the advantages of virtual R&D team in the existing extensive literature on the increase SMEs interrelations. Besides of identify benefits of virtual R&D team in SMEs, propose the way of further studies and recommend improvements. We argue that the routines used to promote interrelation between SMEs, based on virtual collaboration can sometimes create problems for firms as they ignore new challenges. We elaborate various theories on the virtual R&D team by reviewing the precedent papers. SMEs, Virtual R&D Teams
52.		Envisages of New Product Developments in Small and Medium Enterprises Through Virtual Team | Hide Abstract | Download | International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 2010 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 20 Dec 10	35 (260,035)
		Abstract: New product development (NPD) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) virtual team has not been systematically investigated in developing countries. Literatures have shown no significant differences between traditional NPD and virtual NPD in general. New product development especially for SMEs virtual team are somewhat lacking in the literature and constitute a research gap. This paper aims to bridge this gap. This study first reviews the NPD and its relationship with virtuality and then identifies the critical factors in definition of NPD in SMEs virtual team. The statistical method was utilized to perform the required analysis of the data from survey. The results are achieved through factor analysis at the perspective of NPD in some of Malaysian and Iranian manufacturing firms. The 20 new product development factors were grouped into five higher level constructs. It gives valuable insight and guidelines which hopefully will help managers of firms in developing countries to consider the main factors in NPD. Survey Finding, New Product Development, Factor Analysis, Virtual Team
53.		Virtual Teams for NPD – An Innovative Experience for R&D Engineers | Hide Abstract | Download | International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2009 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Ahmed, Shamsuddin University of Malaya (UM) Taha, Zahari University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 30 Dec 10	34 (262,694)
		Abstract: New interaction tools such as internet allows companies to gain valuable input from research and development (R&D) engineers via virtual teams. Consequently engineers also get more expertise in diminutive time-frames. Virtual R&D teams present the key impetus to the technology acquisition process. The present knowledge-economy era is characterized by short product life-cycles. Virtual R&D teams may reduce time-to-market, make available a large pool of new product know-how and provide greater flexibilities which are the key success factors in a competitive market. This comprehensive review contains almost 100 references and covers the recent literature with emphasis on topic. The review has focused on authentic and reputed publications and extracts the results. This article presents the type of virtual teams and their main features and explains how virtual R&D team can play a prominent role in developing new products. The article is evolved future study guideline and also illustrates how to apply virtual interaction tools and integrate engineers into the innovation process. Management of virtual R&D teams in new product development (NPD) processes in an innovative, effective and efficient is of a high importance, but the issue has been poorly addressed in the previous studies. Findings show that virtual R&D team provides valuable input for new product development and R&D engineers are able to attain virtual experience. Virtual R&D Teams, New Product Development, Virtual Experience, R&D Engineers
54.		Visibility and Citation Impact | Hide Abstract | Download | International Education Studies, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 120-125, 2014 Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Salehi, Hadi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch Embi, Mohamed Amin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Faculty of Education Habibi, Farid University of Economic Sciences Gholizadeh, Hossein University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Motahar, Seyed Mohammad Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Faculty of Information Science and Technology	Posted: 03 Apr 14	33 (265,369)
		Abstract: The number of publications is the first criteria for assessing a researcher output. However, the main measurement for author productivity is the number of citations, and citations are typically related to the paper's visibility. In this paper, the relationship between article visibility and the number of citations is investigated. A case study of two researchers who are using publication marketing tools confirmed that the article visibility will greatly improve the citation impact. Some strategies to make the publications available to a larger audience have been presented at the end of this paper. H-index, research tools, increase citations, publication marketing, bibliometrics, improve citations, maximized research visibility, increase research impact
55.		Heavy Duty Fleet and Transportation in Iran the Past, the Present Condition, the Future Perspectives and its Interaction with Economy | Hide Abstract | Download | FISITA 2006 World Automotive Congress, Yokohama, Japan Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Golnam, Arash The Society of Iranian Industries & Mines - Research & Development Centers	Posted: 10 Apr 11	31 (271,021)
		Abstract: Since the ancient times Iran has always played a significant role in the Transportation Industry due to its strategic position in the silk road that connected Asia to Europe and Middle East to Ancient. Iranians are believed to be the pioneers of land transportation in the world and transportation has always been considered as one of the most ancient and historical Industries in Iran. Nowadays in the third millennium Transportation Industry experts believe that Iran is once more located in a strategic and geopolitical position in the world in which, according to the economic analyses, the Transportation Industry brings over three hundred billion dollars revenue annually. Iran's share out of this considerable revenue is just 1 percent, statistically 30% of Iran's transportation market is captured by Turkey and Azerbaijan Trucks and Trailers, In addition to this Iran has approximately no share in the freight transportation from Europe to Middle Asia. In this paper we first picture current condition of transportation fleet in Iran then we elaborate on the reasons contributing to this loss of market all according to statistical analysis of the up to date facts and figures, gathered through the survey we recently conducted in Iran. As the next step we go through a SWOT (strength weaknesses opportunities and threats) analysis of one of the biggest commercial vehicle manufacturers in the Middle East, ending up with highlighting and analyzing some of the strategies that can be or have been devised with the purpose of capturing a larger proportion of market share in the Transportation and becoming the market leader as a change around in the recent years, and their economic impacts. Heavy Duty Fleet, SWOT Analysis, Iran's Transportation Future Perspectives, Trucks, Truck Trailers
56.		Relationship Among Economic Growth, Internet Usage and Publication Productivity: Comparison Among ASEAN and World's Best Countries | Hide Abstract | Download | Modern Applied Science, 8(2), 160-170, 2014, doi: 10.5539/mas.v8n2p160 Accepted Paper Series	Gholizadeh, Hossein University of Malaya (UM) - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Salehi, Hadi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch Embi, Mohamed Amin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Faculty of Education Danaee, Mahmoud Islamic Azad University (IAU) - Department of Agriculture Motahar, Seyed Mohammad Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Faculty of Information Science and Technology Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Habibi, Farid University of Economic Sciences Abu Osman, Noor Azuan University of Malaya (UM) - Faculty of Engineering	Posted: 20 Mar 14	27 (283,580)
		Abstract: Publication productivity, as measured by the number of papers, has been regarded as one of the main indicators of reputation of countries and institutions. Nevertheless, the relationship among research publications, economic growth and World Wide Web in ASEAN countries is still unclear. The main intention of this study was to identify publication productivity among ASEAN and the world’s top ten countries in the last 16 years (1996-2011). This study also aimed at finding the relationship among publication, gross domestic product (GDP) and internet usage. Furthermore, the publication trend in the 10 first Malaysian universities was evaluated for the same periods. Scopus database was used to find the overall documents, overall citations, citations per document and international collaboration from 1996 to 2011 for each country. The World Bank database (World Data Bank) was used to collect the data for GDP and the number of internet users. Moreover, to evaluate 10 top Malaysian universities, the number of published articles, conferences, reviews, and letters for the same periods was collected. The results of this study showed significant differences among ASEAN and top 10 countries regarding publication productivity. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was observed between indices, GDP and internet usage for these countries. Surprisingly, international collaboration had a significant and negative relationship with economic growth. Malaysia had fewer citations per document (7.64) and international collaboration (36.9%) among ASEAN countries. In conclusion, international collaboration between academic institutes and researchers is influenced by economic growth and access to internet in the countries. Furthermore, publication trends in ASEAN countries are promising. However, policy makers and science managers should try to find different ways to increase the quality of the research publication and to raise citation per document. ASEAN countries, publication productivity, citation, internet user, collaboration, economic growth
57.		Supplier Assessment and Selection Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process in a Steel Manufacturing Company | Hide Abstract | Download | Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 1319-1338, 2014 Accepted Paper Series	Tahriri, Farzad University of Malaya (UM) - Faculty of Engineering Dabbagh, Mohammad University of Malaya (UM) - Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 15 Apr 14	24 (297,813)
		Abstract: Every organization needs suppliers and no organization can exist without suppliers. Therefore, the organizations approach to suppliers and the selection of the appropriate supplier, its acquisition processes and policies, and its relationships with suppliers, is of vital importance, both to organizations and suppliers alike. No organization can be successful without the support of its supplier base, operationally and strategically, short or long-term.To select the best supplier, it is essential to make an analytical decision based upon tangible and intangible criteria. Chose and management of a supplier has to be congruent with organizational strategy. Therefore, the vision and strategy of the manufacturer are the key drivers for how the supply function will be managed and how supply decisions are made and exectuted. The proposed model in this study was applied in a steel manufacturing company in Malaysia with the goal of reducing time in choosing the correct supplier for the company. This study aims to provide a systematic model stimulating correct supplier selection using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method along with a series of sensitivity analyses which were conducted using the Expert Choice (EC) program to evaluate the impact of changes in the priority of criteria for the suppliers' performance and order quantities. Aims: The main goal of this research is to develop a systematic model towards the best supplier selection. To facilitate the aim of the research, we utilized the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, which was a combination of AHP and Fuzzy Theory in order to deal with the uncertainties and vagueness of decision makers’ judgement. Study Design: Mention the design of the study here. Place and Duration of Study: The data samples were taken in a steel manufacturing company in Malaysia. Methodology: A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy approach is used using a quantitative and qualitative criteria for selecting and evaluating a suitable supplier selection and a six step was conducted to ensure successful implementation. Results: The results indicate that the model is able to assist decision makers to examine the strengths and weaknesses of supplier selection by comparing them with appropriate criteria, sub-criteria and sub sub-criteria. Conclusion: We developed a Fuzzy AHP multi-criteria decision making model for supplier evaluation and selection in the ABC steel company in Malaysia. The advantage of the proposed model over other models like the AHP is that, by adoption of fuzzy numbers, it effectively improves the flexibility of the conventional AHP in dealing with the uncertainty and ambiguity associated with different decision makers’ judgments. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP); supplier selection; Total Value of Purchasing (TVP)
58.		The Biggest Experience to Reduce Environmental Pollutants by Substitute Fuel CNG in the Middle East & the Middle Asia | Hide Abstract | Download | 9th International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles (IANGV) Conference, Buenos Aires, 2004 Accepted Paper Series	momeni, Ali affiliation not provided to SSRN Rostamnezhad, Maziar Diesel Co. Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM)	Posted: 10 Apr 11	22 (301,588)
		Abstract: Automobile industry is an exhaustive industry bringing development for any country. The industrial capabilities needed for development rest in this branch of industry. The Iranian automobile making companies move in line with this aim. But in recent decades, in addition to development of automobile industry, the pollution too has occupied the minds of the authorities of these companies. Some measures, investments, researches, and exhaustive studies related to the pollution problem have been made to produce an automobile of higher technology and lower pollution. Natural gas, Substitutes fuels
59.		Maximize Visibility: A Way to Increase Citation Frequency | Hide Abstract | Download | UM HIR SPECIAL FEATURE (27 May 2013), pp. 1-5, 27 May, 2013. Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Salehi, Hadi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch	Posted: 07 Nov 13	21 (305,511)
		Abstract: The new version of this article is available online on http://ssrn.com/abstract=2344585 The number of citations has over 30% share in Times Higher Education (THE) world university ranking system. Therefore, most of the researchers are looking for some helpful techniques to increase their citation record. Nader is developing a module for increasing the visibility of the research which directly influences the number of citations. This article reports just some of the key points of the module for improving the citation counts. Research Tools, Increase H-index, Increase citations, Maximize visibility
60.		Research, Development, Production and Performance of Heavy Duty CNG Fleets in Iran | Hide Abstract | Download | ANGVA 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Accepted Paper Series	Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Rostamnezhad, Maziar Diesel Co. momeni, Ali affiliation not provided to SSRN	Posted: 10 Apr 11	18 (317,551)
		Abstract: In recent years, along with the trend toward clean air and less dependency to imported oil products, there has been increasing willing to use substitute fuels in transport industry. Automobile industry is an exhaustive industry bringing development for any country. The industrial capabilities needed for development rest in this branch of industry. The Iranian automobile making companies move in line with this aim. But in recent decades, in addition to development of automobile industry, the pollution too has occupied the minds of the authorities of these companies. Some measures, investments, researches, and exhaustive studies related to the pollution problem have been made to produce an automobile of higher technology and lower pollution.

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. Ale Ebrahim, Nader's Other Papers Note: the statistics on these "Other Papers" are not used in determining an Author's rank. Click on the title of any column to sort the table by that column. Aggregate Statistics Total Downloads 6 Total Citations 0 Papers (1) Authors Date Downloads Citations ACTIONS:    Email Selected Abstracts    Export Selected Bibliographic Info    VIEW: Selected      Original List     All Versions       All Abstracts     Legend 1.   Citation Frequency and Ethical Issue | Show Abstract | Download | Electronic Physician, April-June 2014, 6(2), 814-815. Accepted Paper Series Ale Ebrahim, Nader Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM) Posted: 16 May 14 6

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